Cell energy dissipation changes

With the increase of shear stress, which is mostly changed by energy dissipation, the projected area decreases slightly. This fragmentation leads to a stimulation of growth but unfortunately also to a decrease in the overall cell mass X related productivity P/X t. 

Other processes that lead to nonlinear compartmental models are processes dealing with transport of materials across cell membranes that represent the transfers between compartments. The amounts of various metabolites in the extracellular and intracellular spaces separated by membranes may be sufficiently distinct kinetically to act like compartments. It should be mentioned here that Michaelis-Menten kinetics also apply to the transfer of many solutes across cell membranes. This transfer is called facilitated diffusion or in some cases active transport (cf. Chapter 2). In facilitated diffusion, the substrate combines with a membrane component called a carrier to form a carrier-substrate complex. The carrier-substrate complex undergoes a change in conformation that allows dissociation and release of the unchanged substrate on the opposite side of the membrane. In active transport processes not only is there a carrier to facilitate crossing of the membrane, but the carrier mechanism is somehow coupled to energy dissipation so as to move the transported material up its concentration gradient. 

Increasing Energy Dissipation Characterizes the Cell Attachment Process. The process of cell attachment as monitored by the QCM is rather lengthy, involving many hours of change before steady state invariant behavior is observed. We have followed this process for normal ECs as well as for other transformed cell types, but our most detailed studies have been performed... 

Adams WW III, Demmig-Adams B, Logan BA, Barker DH and Osmond CB (1999) Rapid changes in xanthophyll cycle-dependent energy dissipation and Photosystem II efficiency in two vines, Stephania japonica and Smilax australis, growing in the understory of an open Eucalyptus forest. Plant Cell Environ 22 125-136... 

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