Cell culture technology challenges

In the case of protein separation technologies, further scale-up or multiple cycles will be needed until these challenges of increased throughput from cell culture are successfully met, for instance with, the use of improved resins having much higher binding capacities combined with good resolution. 

The technological challenges for pharmacoproteomics are exceptional (see Table 13.1-3). Protein microarrays are an emerging class of nanotechnology for tracking many different proteins simultaneously. However, translation into the medical practice is very slow. On the other hand, proteomic changes in cultured cell lines might not fully reflect pharmacodynamic interactions because of the lack of the tissue microenvironment [11]. 

If cryopreservation is now a routine technology transferable for application, at least for sperm, quality tests for cell diffusion are still to be determined. Tests should be favored which aim to assess the genetic conformity of the offspring obtained. When considering alternative cell sources, cryopreservation of somatic cells, cultured cells, blastomeres, PGCs, or SSCs does not appear technically challenging. However, these cell types differ in their accessibility and in the complexity of the reconstruction technology they require (Table 3.2)... 

The apphcation of immobilized cells in industrial processes has attracted considerable attention during the past decades due to many advantages over traditional processes. This chapter provides a critical review on cell immobihza-tion technology, including the advantages and challenges of the immobilized cell system, the mechanism and applications of different immobilization techniques, various bioproducts obtainable from immobilized cell cultures, and, finally, the design and function of different types of bioreactors currently used for cell immobilization. 

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