Alternative cell source

Table 2.1 Summary of properties and alternative cell sources of T lymphocyte-derived cytokines...

Cryopreservation of gametes for aquaculture and alternative cell sources for genome preservation... 

Cryopreservation of gametes and alternative cell sources 79 Uquid phase QqI phase... 

If cryopreservation is now a routine technology transferable for application, at least for sperm, quality tests for cell diffusion are still to be determined. Tests should be favored which aim to assess the genetic conformity of the offspring obtained. When considering alternative cell sources, cryopreservation of somatic cells, cultured cells, blastomeres, PGCs, or SSCs does not appear technically challenging. However, these cell types differ in their accessibility and in the complexity of the reconstruction technology they require (Table 3.2)... 

The development of a functional TEVG is likely to require the constmction of an intima and media composed of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Limitations imposed by immunogenicity will probably require that autologous cells be used, so the majority of studies to date have used differentiated smooth muscle and endothelial cells isolated from harvested blood vessels. But problems with donor-site morbidity and the performance of these cell types in engineered tissues have led to the consideration of alternative cell sources. Recent advances in stem cell biology may lead to suitable progenitors that can be effectively differentiated into endothelial and smooth muscle cells for use in vascular tissue engineering. 

ESCs is another widely used cell source. ESCs can replicate indefinitely while the self-renewal capacity of MSCs is limited. It is also widely accepted that the differentiation potential of MSCs is incomparable with ESCs. ESCs are pluripotent, which means they are able to differentiation into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers (Ying et al., 2003). However, MSCs are still considered as a potential alternative cell source to ESCs. Unhke MSCs, it is impossible to perform autologous transplantation of ESCs. Allogenic ESCs may arouse immunologic incompatibility reaction. Furthermore, it is possible... 

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