CD4 T Cell Differentiation

Rabin RL, Alston MA, Sircus JC, et al. CXCR3 is induced early on the pathway of CD4+ T cell differentiation and bridges central and peripheral functions. J Immunol 2003 171 2812-2824. 

Fig. 18.1-6 T helper cell differentiation. Thl and Th2 cells develop from a common precursor, the naYve CD4+ T cell. Nai ve CD4+ T cells differentiate into T helper type 1 and T helper type 2 (Thl and Th2) cells that protect against microbial pathogens by producing cytokines that mobilize appropriate defence mechanisms. The differentiation process is initiated by stimulation oftheT-cell receptor (TCR) on the naive CD4+ T cell with a peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) complex on an antigen-presenting cell (APC).

Maekawa Y, Himeno K, IsUkawa H et al (1998) Switch of CD4 T cell differentiation from Th2 to Thl by treatmoit with Cathepsin B inhibitor in experimental leishmaniasis. J Immunol... 

Cause WC. Urban JF. Linsley P. Lu P Role of B7 signaling in the differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells 122 to effector interIeukin-4-producing T-helper cells. Immunol Res 1995 14 176-188. 

Song K, Rabin RL, Hill BJ, et al. Characterization of subsets of CD4+ memory T cells reveals early branched pathways of T cell differentiation in humans. Proc Nad Acad Sci U S A 2005 102 7916-791621. 

Debes GF, Hopken UE, Hamann A. In vivo differentiated cytokine-producing CD4(+) T cells express functional CCR7. J Immunol 2002 168 5441-5447. 

Yamamoto J, Adachi Y, Onoue Y, et al. Differential expression of the chemokine receptors by the Thl- and Th2-type effector populations within circulating CD4+ T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2000 68 568-574. 

Intratracheal instillation 14d Alveolar macrophages activation production pro-inflammatory cytokines Blood high-levels pro-inflammatory cytokines differentiation of CD4+ T cell to Thl and Th2 cells [108]... 

Constant, S., Pfeiffer, C., Woodard, A., Pasqualini, T. and Bottomly, K. (1995) Extent of T cell receptor ligation can determine the functional differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine 182,1591-1596. 

McCabe Jr., M.J. and Lawrence, D. A., Lead, a major environmental pollutant, is immunomodulatory by its differential effects on CD4+ T cell subsets, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. Ill, 13, 1991. 

Tregs and effector T cells, so that naive CD4-F T cells differentiate into Foxp3-F Tregs in the presence of TGF-(3 or into Thl7 cells in the presence of TGF-(3 and IL-6. Thus T-cell activation in the... 

Kobayashi, T., Lijima, K., Mitamura, T., Toriizuka, K., Cyong, J., andNagasawa, H. 1996. Effects of lycopene, a carotenoid, on intrathymic T cell differentiation and peripheral CD4/CD8 ratio in high mammary tumor strain of SHN retired mice. Anticancer Drugs 7, 195-198. 

Activation and differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CD8+ T cells) (CTLs) require interplay of various cytokines and cells. During the presentation of tumor-specific antigens by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to helper T cells (CD4+ T cells), cytokines present in the microenvironment control the helper immune response to develop into either a cellular or a humoral response. CD4+ T cells have been classified into Thl and Th2 subsets according to the pattern of cytokines they produce. Thl clones secrete IL-12 and IFN-y, whereas Th2 clones secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10. Thl immune response is beneficial for the development of the cellular cytotoxic (CD8) immune response, whereas Th2 immune response is inhibitory to cytotoxic response. IFN-y is a type 1 interferon that also promotes Thl-type anti-tumor immunity, reduces tumor cell growth, and inhibits angiogenesis. 

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