Causation Theory

To be effective the investigation must apply an approach which is based on basic incident causation theories and use tested data analysis techniques. Investigating incidents to determine root causes and make recommendations can be as much an art as a science. Within the industry, best practices in incident investigation have evolved substantially in the last 20 years. This chapter provides a brief overview of some of the more relevant causation theories. 

Theoretical incident concepts and associated models have evolved from investigations into the how and why of case histories. Resulting insights have made it possible to better explain and understand incident causation. There are many other incident causation theories besides the ones presented in this chapter, such as the Process Theory. (See the additional references for this chapter.) Key theories on incident causation discussed in this overview are ... 

Another fallacy somewhat related to the fear of discipline is that getting rid of the incident-prone individuals will prevent future incidents. Studies have shown that fewer than 20% of the incidents involved a repeater.O) The incident proneness theory is generally discredited as a flawed incident causation theory, ft is probably more likely that repeaters are just less adept at hiding near misses and incidents or perhaps they are more proactive or open about fixing the problems when they are involved. 

Theoretical study leading causes of casualties have been one hundred years of history. With the development of productive forces, changes in production methods, production relations, as reflected in the existence of differences in security perceptions. More research scholars tend to study the accident causation studies, the occurrence of the accident was due to human factors and physical factors trajectory of the intersection of the accident is the intersection of time and space. Meanwhile, track crossover theory as accident causation theory, emphasizing the human factor and physical factors occupy the same important position. So, in order to effectively prevent accidents, people must also take measures to eliminate unsafe behaviors and material insecurity. 

Promoting exploration of incident causation theory, knowledge of which is both fundamental and vitally needed for the practice of safety. 

As a prelude to my comments on Heinrich s accident causation theory, I would like readers to understand this I believe that those who proclaim that unsafe acts are the principal causes of accidents do the world... 

As stated by Friend (2012), the safety practitioner and his or her department will play a major role in changing the safety culture. However, change must also take place within the safety department They should also be aligned with up-to-date loss causation theories and let go of the paradigm that the majority of accidents are caused by the behavior of the workers. 

Accident causation theories include the human factors theory, the domino theory, the systems theory, the combination theory, the epidemiological theory, and the accident/inddent theory [1,2]. The first two of these theories are described below. 

This is Heinrich s accident causation theory and is operationalized in the following 10 statements known as the "Axioms of Industrial Safety" [2,3,20] ... 

Describe the human factors accident causation theory. 

Heinrich introduced the accident pyramid in his book. Industrial Accident Prevention A Scientific Approach. This pyramid illustrated his accident causation theory. Heinrich believed that unsafe acts led first to minor injuries and then over a period of time to a major injury event. The accident... 

Chapter 3 already introduced some aspects of this chapter s aim. It focused on accidents and accident causation theories. It gave some attention to prevention of accidents and introduced hazards and risks. Those elements will remain a focus in many chapters of this book. Chapter 3 also introduced some logical concepts for thinking about hazards, hazard recognition, and hazard control. This chapter will add additional concepts. 

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