Cattle collagen

Meyer, M., Muhlbach, R., and Harzer, D. (2005). Solubilisation of cattle hide collagen by thermo-mechanical treatment. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 87,137-142. 

In contrast to milk, where samples are primarily derived from cows, meat analysis has to be performed in samples of a widely different animal origin including cattle, lamb, swine, poultry, and fish. Muscle is a complex matrix with a pH of 5.7, composed of muscle fibers, various types of connective tissue, adipose tissue, cartilage, and bones. Sarcoplasmic proteins such as myoglobin, and glycolytic enzymes are soluble in water while the myofibrillar proteins such as myosin and actin are soluble in concentrated salt solutions (14). The connective tissue proteins, collagen and elastin, are insoluble in both solvents. 

Collagen. Cattle-hide collagen was obtained from Devro, Inc. Somerville, New Jersey. The fibrous collagen was washed with 10% sodium chloride solution, followed by washing with distilled water. The collagen was freeze-dried and stored at 20°C. 

In lathyrism in cattle, the defect is still later in the stages of collagen formation. There is a toxic interference with collagen cross-linking, on ingesting sweat peas. 

A femilial platelet function defect has been documented in Simmental cattle (Searcy et al. 1990). Affected cattle have spontaneous epistaxis, and hematomas and hemorrhage following injury. Platelets from affected cattle do not aggregate in response to ADP, collagen, or calcium ionophore. The defect may result from delayed expression of functional fibrinogen binding sites on activated platelets (Frojmovic et al. 1996). 

The conversion of procollagen to collagen by removal of propeptides seems to be essential for the formation of collagen fibrils. This supposition is supported by studies of two heritable diseases, one found in humans and the other in cattle, sheep, and cats. In both, the defect lies in the removal of N-terminal propeptides and results in impaired fibril formation. The human disorder is the type VII variant of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (Table 25-5). Affected individuals exhibit marked joint hypermobility, dislocation of joints, short stature, and minor changes in skin elasticity. Their skin fibroblasts show normal... 

Bowker, B. C., M. N. Liu, M. B. Solomon, J. S. Eastridge, T. M. Fahrenholz, and B. Vinyard. 2007. Effects of hydrodynamic pressure processing and blade tenderization on intramuscular collagen and tenderness-related protein characteristics of top ronnds from Brahman cattle. Journal of Muscle Foods 18 35-55. 

Ossein-base collagen Pancreatin Cattle hones Hog pancreas Ca salts, phosphates Puncreatin Dilute acid 1400... 

Although farm animals are regarded as quite tolerant to high zinc levels in the diet, horses, sheep, and cattle have been intoxicated by grazing on forage in the vicinity of zinc smelters. Horses are the most zinc-sensitive farm animals and react with lameness, osteochondrosis (possibly caused by an abnormal collagen metabolism due to an inhibition of lysyl oxidase followed by a zinc-provoked copper deficiency), and lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen and lymph nodes (Kowalczyk et al. 1986). 

The most important manifestation of hyperfluoric status is dental and skeletal fluorosis. In regions of volcanic activity, and in some arid zones and areas where phosphorites and apatites are mined and processed, agricultural animals and population often suffer from endemic and civilization-related fluorosis that mostly affects the teeth and skeleton. There arises the problem of reproduction and maintenance of dairy cattle (Ermakov etal. 1998, Ermakov 2001). In toxic quantities, fluorides impair the metabolism of calcium and synthesis of bone collagen by stimulating bone accretion, and speed up bone resorption and total calcium turnover in the body (Susheela and Mukher-jee 1981). 

Nondigestible proteins are those that consist of heavily cross-linked helices (e.g., skin, hair, horn) or of P-pleated sheets (e.g., silk). Whereas cattle hides typically contain 65% water, 33% protein, 2% fats, and 0.5% mineral salts, finished leather is more than 80% pure collagen. Collagen is a left-handed triple helix with a pitch of 8.6 A (see sec. 9.2.3). The most frequent repeat unit is gly-cyl-X-Y, where X and Y are often prolyl and hydroxyprolyl units. Close to 3 x 10 heads of cattle, sheep, and goats are slaughtered worldwide per year and pro-... 

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