Catalytic steam-reforming process

The catalytic steam-reforming process of methanol on Cu/ZnO/Ab03 catalyst primarily produces hydrogen and carbon dioxide. In addition, the minor quantities of carbon monoxide are also produced. This mechanism is explained in terms of parallel reactions [11]. 

In this ideahzed, stoichiometric equation (Eq. 6.36), cellulose (represented as CjHj Oj) reacts with water to produce and CO, the conunercial production of Hjfrom methane by the catalytic steam reforming process (Wagner and Froment, 1992). 

Hydrocarbons react with steam in an endothermic reaction to form carbon monoxide and hydrogen. The most important feedstock for the catalytic steam reforming process is natural gas. Other feedstocks are associated gas, propane, butane, liquefied petroleum gas, and some naphtha fractions (q.v.). The choice is usually made on the availability and the price of the raw material. 

The auto-thermic conversion of methane to H2 occurs at 850°C, where a partial oxidation process is combined to a catalytic steam reforming process (Damen et al., 2006). A 60-65% methane conversion could be attained with a selectivity of 80% towards hydrogen production. According to the mechanism of consecutive... 

Kellogg Brown Root Ammonia, advanced Hydrocarbons/natural gas naphtha Catalytic-steam reforming process uses pressure-based Kellogg Reforming Exchange System (KRES) NA NA... 

The industrially most important and currently cheapest hydrogen production process is the catalytic steam reforming process in which steam is reacted with natural gas (methane) or light crude oil fractions (propane, butane, naphtha with b.p. s < 200°C). The hydrogen produced comes partly from the steam utilized and partly from the hydrocarbons, in the case of methane 1/3 from water and 2/3 from the methane ... 

In NREE s Thermochemical User s Facility (TCUF), scale up and shake down catalytic steam reforming process as derived from the bench-scale experimentation carried out at NREL to develop the process concept. 

Demonstrated a fluidized bed catalytic steam reforming process for the production of hydrogen from "trap grease". 

These gases are then fed to the water gas converter as in the steam-reforming process, after which they are compressed to ca 20.3 MPa (ca 200 atm) for processing in the catalytic ammonia converter. 

Several other important commercial processes need to be mentioned. They are (not necessarily in the order of importance) the low pressure methanol process, using a copper-containing catalyst which was introduced in 1972 the production of acetic add from methanol over RhI catalysts, which has cornered the market the methanol-to-gasoline processes (MTG) over ZSM-5 zeolite, which opened a new route to gasoline from syngas and ammoxidation of propene over mixed-oxide catalysts. In 1962, catalytic steam reforming for the production of synthesis gas and/or hydrogen over nickel potassium alumina catalysts was commercialized. 

Czernik, S. French, R. Feik, C. Chomet, Ev Hydrogen by catalytic steam reforming of liquid byproducts from biomass thermoconversion processes, Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 2002,41,4209. 

Recatro A process for making gas from liquid fuels and other gaseous hydrocarbons by catalytic conversion into rich gas, followed by catalytic steam reforming. Developed by BASF and Lurgi. 

The shift reaction can be conducted in a second reactor, catalyzed by a mixture of iron and chromium oxides. The product of reforming is known as synthesis gas, or syngas, and is mostly used in the manufacture of ammonia and methanol. One of the earliest steam reforming processes was developed in Germany by I.G. Farbenindustrie in 1926. See also catalytic reforming. 

The oil can be formed in 66 wt% yields. Catalytic steam reforming of bio-oil at 750 to 850°C over a nickel-based catalyst is a two-step process that includes the shift reaction ... 

They used a Ni-containing catalyst. In contrast to steam reforming of methane, methane partial oxidation is exothermic. However, the partial oxidation requires pure oxygen, which is produced in expensive air separation units that are responsible for up to 40% of the cost of a synthesis gas plant (2) (in contrast, the steam reforming process does not require pure oxygen). Therefore, the catalytic partial oxidation of methane did not attract much interest for nearly half a century, and steam reforming of methane remained the main commercial process for synthesis gas manufacture. 

Hydrogen production by catalytic steam reforming and partial oxidation of hydrocarbons has been the most efficient, economically and widely used process for the... 

Hydrogen production by partial oxidation is similar to production by catalytic steam reforming. The process basically involves the conversion of steam, oxygen and hydrocarbons to hydrogen and carbon oxides. The process proceeds at moderately high pressures with or without a catalyst depending on the feedstock and process selected. The catalytic POX, which occurs at about 865 K, will work with feedstock ranging from methane to naphtha. The non-catalytic POX, which occurs... 

Barbieri, G. DiMaio, F. Simulation of the Methane Steam reforming Process in a Catalytic Pd-Membrane Reactor Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 36 (1997) 2121-2127. 

Seyedeyn-Azad F, Salehi E, Abedi J, Harding T. Biomass to hydrogen via catalytic steam reforming of bio-oil over Ni-supported alumina catalysts. Fuel Process Technol. 2011 92 563-9. 

---