Ammonia catalytic

Nitric acid (high strength) Ammonia-catalytic 100 6 65 0.60... 

Acid Amides can be produced by acylating ammonia with esters, acid anhydrides, or the acids themselves (above 100 °C) an important product is formamide from methyl formate. Alternatively acid amides can be synthesized by reacting acid halides with ammonia. Catalytic hydrogenation converts the acid amides to primary amines. Ammonia and aldehydes or ketones are the basis for different stable products. With formaldehyde hexamethylenetetramine (urotropine) is obtained with acetaldehyde, ammono acetaldehyde with benzaldehyde, hydrobenzamide with ethylene and propylene oxides, aqueous ammonia reacts to form ethanol- or propanolamine. 

The main raw material is the fatty nitrile derived from the reaction of fatty acid with ammonia. Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitrile produces the amines. The amines are available as primary, secondary, and tertiary amine, depending on the number of the alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom. 

Derivation (1) Reaction of adipic acid and ammonia (catalytic vapor phase) to yield adiponitrile, followed by liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation. (2) Chlorination of butadiene followed by reaction with sodium cyanide (cuprous chloride catalyst) to 1,4-dicyanobutylene and hydrogenation. 

Montmorillonite is a layered smectite clay. Acid activation replaces the interlamellar cations with protons, leaches Al from octahedral layers resulting in increase of surface area, porosity and acidity. Clay is activated with a mineral acid for different time intervals. They are characterised by XRD, surface area and acidity by stepwise temperature desorption of ammonia Catalytic activity is studied on aniline alkylation reaction. 

It is interesting to compare the mechanism on biographical surfaces, (7.105 with corresponding equation 7.106), which is sucessfully applied in the design of ammonia catalytic convertors with the one recently presented in the textbook on kinetics and catalysis by Chorkendorff and Niemantsverdriet, based on catalytic kinetics over for ideal surfaces... 

Ammonia Catalytic reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen Fertilizers, plastics, fibers, and resins... 

Stevens and Watanabe [126] have investigated the use of the allyloxycarbonyl group, which is electronically similar to benzyloxycarbonyl. Like the latter it may be removed by acid hydrolysis or by reduction with sodium in liquid ammonia. Catalytic hydrogenation results in partial cleavage and partial conversion into the n-propyloxycarbonyl group which is not further affected. 

The oxidation of ammonia catalytically is an extremely rapid heterogeneous reaction. The platinum, platinum-rhodium, or platinum-rhodium-palladium catalyst in the form of a fine mesh gauze is very selective and very active under optimum conditions. Side reactions can occur resulting in a loss of product. 

Samples were characterized by XRD (Siemens D5000 XRD spectrometer), FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, Hitachi S-4800), textural properties were determined by N2 adsorption/desorption experiments) and NH3-TPD (temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia). Catalytic properties of samples were tested in the cracking of a Bach Ho petroleum residue from Vietnam (370-500°C fraction) as heavy feedstock using a MAT 5000 micro activity testing system. The reaction conditions were 482°C, WVH=27, catalyst to feedstock ratio 3/1, reaction time 45 sec. 

Manufacture of cyclohexylamine from cyclohexanol and ammonia Catalytic combustion of exhaust gases Catalytic synthesis of ethylene-propylene rubber... 

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