Casting disadvantages

For transformer windings immersed in oil, hydrocarbon oil is the most widely used, whereas in areas where fire risk is a problem, then air-cooled transformers (AN) or synthetic silicon-based liquid cooling (SN) can be specified. Silicon-based liquids do not have any of the disadvantages identified with the chlorinated biphenyls. Air-cooled transformers can be provided with Class C insulation or be cast resin insulated. The relative costs per unit of each type are ... 

As in the case of the detection limit (Section 2.2.7), one commonly used algorithm is based on the theory that any point outside z 5 is to be regarded as an outlier if recalculation of Xmean and 5 without this questionable point confirms the decision, the outlier is to be cast out. The coefficient z is often fixed at 2.0 or 3.0 the r-function (see the two thin curves in Fig. 1.24) and other functions have also been proposed. An obvious disadvantage of these approaches is that extreme values strongly affect Sx, and that more or less symmetrical outliers cannot be detected. 

Powdered samples that cannot be cast as films can be measured by this technique. Quite simply, the IR light beam shines on a quantity of the powdered sample held in a cup. In this case, the light scatters, or reflects in all directions. Some of this light is captured by the detector. A disadvantage is that the light intensity is decreased substantially by the scattering, hence the term diffuse. See Figure 8.27. 

For many decades, the capacity of acetogens to reduce CO2 to acetate and the thermodynamics of the acetyl-CoA pathway casts the acetogens as somewhat obscure specialists and thermodynamically disadvantaged... 

Cast multibilayers prepared from an azobenzene-containing surfactant (33) [426] and from mixtures of 33 and 5 display only short-term stabilities and low solubilities in water. These disadvantages have been overcome by coating the multibilayers with cellulose acetate and by using poly(vinyl alcohol) as a binder [429], The method of choice in preparing these composite cast multibilayers... 

The cured systems have a disadvantage, that is, once filled into a munition, they cannot be removed and munition re-filled, if the quality of the filling is found to be unsatisfactory. Munitions are sometimes re-filled with melt-cast formulations if the original filling is not of the required standard, but it depends on the cost of... 

Sulphur concrete (without additives) will typically have a near-linear stress-strain curve up to failure, which occurs explosively at a strain usually between 0.0005 and 0.002. The peak stress varies from 20 to 70 MPa depending on the mix design. Sulphur concrete is thus a strong but brittle concrete material the brittleness need not necessarily be a grave disadvantage cast iron was used for a long period of time as a construction material. Any modification to the stress-strain behaviour should be evaluated carefully to see whether the modification is potentially useful. Two different approaches have been used to modify stress-strain behaviour. The modifications are (a) polymerization of the binder 04, j>, 17) and (b) use of the thermodynamically stable orthorhombic sulphur as the binder with alteration of the bond behaviour (3, 18). The matrices of both types of concrete are thus "modified" sulphur. 

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