Cascading models

Figure 7-11. Apparatus for testing axial-flow cascade model.

The use of the reactor cascade model to estimate the conversion level attained in a first-order reaction is discussed in Illustration 11.7. 

Libby P, Shcwartz D, Brogi E, Tanaka H, Clinton S. A cascade model for restenosis. A special case of atherosclerosis progression. Circulation 1992 86 11147-III52. 

In summary, it is more common to examine pairs of variables from a profit chain-of-effects model rather than the profit chain in its entirety. A scatter plot or correlation analysis of a pair of profit-chain variables (e.g. satisfaction and loyalty) almost always indicates a weak correlation. The weak correlation is typically interpreted as suggesting a crisis whereby the implied profit chain-of-effects or cascading model is not supported. 

Virtually all published chain-link or cascading models linking vendor resource inputs with customer-level profits share roots in Heskett, et al. s (1994) Service-Profit Chain (SPC). Examples include its derivatives (e.g. Kamakura, Mittal, de Rose, Mazzon, 2002 Love-man, 1998 Soteriou Zenios, 1999), the return-on-quality (ROQ) framework (Rust, Zahorik, Keiningham, 1995), and the general satisfaction-profit chain (Anderson Mittal, 2000). Further, with one exception (Bowman Narayandas, 2004), all are developed in a consumer setting. 

A. Goldbeter, A minimal cascade model for the mitotic oscillator involving cyclin and cdc2 kinase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 9107-9111 (1991). 

Fig. 22. Comparison of experimental decay of FeQPDj) with a theoretical cascade model.

Fig.7 Blood compatibility of PEU surfaces modified by MPEO-derived SMAs. A Simplified cascade model for material-induced blood coagulation highlighting three clotting pathways plasma fibrin formation, platelet aggregation, and hemolysis-inflammation, respectively characterized by B-C...

This result shows that the transport of the particles may be treated by the usual convective diffusion equation, using ce as the variable and supports the analysis of the system in terms of the cascade model simple Tafel and Levich relations will hold for the system of particles. Thus, in the dark... 

Use of this equation in place of equation (9.67) in the mathematical treatment of sequential cascade model of Fig. 9.5 produces the following expression for the total flux of particle ferried, photogenerated electrons, )e.PH, to the surface of the ORDE ... 

Delmas C, Maccario M, Croguennec L, Le Cras F, Weill F. Lithium deintercalation in LiFePC>4 nanoparticles via a domino-cascade model. Nature Mater. 2008 7 665-71. 

Richardson, P. H., Clark, A. H., Russell, A. L., Aymard, P. and Norton, I. T. 1999. Galactomannan gelation A thermal and rheological investigation analyzed using the cascade model. Macromolecules 32(5) 1519-1527. 

Fonyo, Z. Thermodynamic Analysis of Rectification. II. Finite Cascade Models, Int. Chem. Eng. 14, 203 (1974b). 

Fig. 9. Kinetic energy distributions for physically sputtered products obtained from the simulation (symbols). Data taken from all simulated layers with F/Si > 0.39 for the chemically sputtering results, represented here as the dashed, dot-dash, and dotted lines, assuming a Maxwell-Boltzmann kinetic energy distribution and 300 K. Solid-line fit to the symbols is collision cascade model with a fitted value of Uq. (From Barone and Graves, 1995a.)...

Corrsin S (1964) Further generalization of Onsager s cascade model for turbulent spectra. Phys Fluids 7 1156-1159... 

From a phenomenological point of view, it is natural to Interpret the multiexponential curves in Equations I, II, and III on the basis of energy cascading models. Such schemes assume - parallel to a single monomer and excimer state - additional electronic dwell-stations to be involved in serial energy relaxation processes. In a quantitative treatment, one has to diagonalize, then, rate equations of the form... 

Pig. 5. MAPKimse. signalling cascade models derived from mammalian and yeast systems [56,57,70,80J. Asterisks indicate ethylene-modulated components. 

Within the collision cascade model, the sputtering yield is calculated from the energy deposited in a certain depth of the target or substrate, which is related to the stopping power S Eq), and from the transport of the moving substrate atoms to the surface. The sputtering yield Y may be expressed as (Bohdansky, 1984)... 

Within the collision cascade model, the energy distribution N E) of sputtered atoms is proportional to... 

These results have opened the way to the construction of more realistic models for the mitotic oscillator. The purpose of this chapter is briefly to present these models and to classify them according to the type of regulation responsible for oscillatory behaviour. The way sustained oscillations are generated is examined in detail in a minimal model based on the cascade of phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycles that controls the onset of mitosis in embryonic cells. Extensions of the cascade model taking into account additional, recently uncovered phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycles are considered. Ways of arresting the cell division cycle in that model and the control of the mitotic oscillator by growth factors are also discussed. 

A phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cascade model for the mitotic oscillator in embryonic cells... 

Fig. 10.4. Minimal cascade model for the mitotic oscillator. The cascade incorporates cyclin synthesis and degradation, activation of the phosphorylated form of cdc2 kinase through dephosphorylation into the form M by phosphatase cdc25 (El), which is itself activated by cyclin, inactivation of active cdc2 kinase M into M by the kinase weel (Ej), phosphorylation of inactive cyclin protease into the active form X by cdc2 kinase (E3), and inactivation of X into X by the phosphatase E4 (see text for details).

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