Inorganic carriers

Sprays are the most common means of insecticide appHcation and generally involve the use of water as the principal carrier, although volatile oils sometimes are used. With the older inorganic insecticides, suspensions in water were used at dilutions of 0.1 ndash 0.2%. The development of the more effective organic insecticides has allowed the widespread use of concentrate sprays in which the toxicant is contained at 10 ndash 98% and the amount of carrier to be appHed is enormously reduced. The use of concentrate or ultralow volume sprays has brought about a revolution in spray equipment away... 

Photoconductive polymers are widely used in the imaging industry as either photosensitive receptors or carrier (electron or hole) transporting materials in copy machines and laser printers. This is still the only area in which the photoelectronic properties of polymers are exploited on a large-scale industrial basis. It is also one electronic appHcation where polymers are superior to inorganic semiconductors. 

Low pressure (0.1 to 20 MPa) and temperatures of 50 to 300°C using heterogeneous catalysts such as molybdenum oxide or chromium oxide supported on inorganic carriers to produce high density polyethylene (HDPE), which is more linear in nature, with densities of 0.94 to 0.97 g/cm. ... 

Low pressure polymerization with Ziegler catalysts supported on inorganic carriers. 

Many inorganic solids lend themselves to study by PL, to probe their intrinsic properties and to look at impurities and defects. Such materials include alkali-halides, semiconductors, crystalline ceramics, and glasses. In opaque materials PL is particularly surface sensitive, being restricted by the optical penetration depth and carrier diffusion length to a region of 0.05 to several pm beneath the surface. 

This review addresses the issues of the chemical and physical processes whereby inorganic anions and cations are selectively retained by or passed through cell membranes. The channel and carrier mechanisms of membranes permeation are treated by means of model systems. The models are the planar lipid bilayer for the cell membrane, Gramicidin for the channel mechanism, and Valinomycin for the carrier mechanism. 

The enormous progress in the field of electroluminescent conjugated polymers has led to performances of oiganic light-emitting devices (LEDs) that are comparable and in some aspects superior to their inorganic counterparts 11). Quantum efficiencies in excess of 5% have been demonstrated [2] and show that a high fraction of the injected carriers in a polymeric electroluminescence (EL) device form electronic excitations which recombine radiatively. 

Inorganic oxygen carriers as models for biological systems. G. McLendon and A. E. Martell, Coord. Chem. Rev., 1976,19, 1-39 (235). 

The interest of physicists in the conducting polymers, their properties and applications, has been focused on dry materials 93-94 Most of the discussions center on the conductivity of the polymers and the nature of the carriers. The current knowledge is not clear because the conducting polymers exhibit a number of metallic properties, i.e., temperature-independent behavior of a linear relation between thermopower and temperature, and a free carrier absorption typical of a metal. Nevertheless, the conductivity of these specimens is quite low (about 1 S cm"1), and increases when the temperature rises, as in semiconductors. However, polymers are not semiconductors because in inorganic semiconductors, the dopant substitutes for the host atomic sites. In conducting polymers, the dopants are not substitutional, they are part of a nonstoichiometric compound, the composition of which changes from zero up to 40-50% in... 

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