Carpets composition

Table 13.1 Carpet compositions based on DSC analysis (weight %)...

Copolymers with butadiene, ie, those containing at least 60 wt % butadiene, are an important family of mbbers. In addition to synthetic mbber, these compositions have extensive uses as paper coatings, water-based paints, and carpet backing. Because of unfavorable reaction kinetics in a mass system, these copolymers are made in an emulsion polymerization system, which favors chain propagation but not termination (199). The result is economically acceptable rates with desirable chain lengths. Usually such processes are mn batchwise in order to achieve satisfactory particle size distribution. 

Textiles are among the most ubiquitous materials ia society. They provide shelter and protection from the environment ia the form of apparel, as weU as comfort and decoration ia the form of household textiles such as sheets, upholstery, carpeting, drapery, and wall coveting, and they serve a variety of iadustrial functions, eg, as tire reinforcement, tenting, filter media, conveyor belts, iasulation, and reinforcement media ia various composite materials. 

A modified latex composition contains a phosphorus surface group. Such a latex is formed by emulsion polymerization of unsaturated synthetic monomers in the presence of a phosponate or a phosphate which is intimately bound to the surface of the latex. Thus, a modified latex containing 46% solids was prepared by emulsion polymerization of butadiene, styrene, acrylic acid-styrene seed latex, and a phosphonate comonomer in H20 in the presence of phosphated alkylphenol ethoxylate at 90°C. The modified latex is useful as a coating for substrates and as a binder in aqueous systems containing inorganic fillers employed in paper coatings, carpet backings, and wallboards [119]. 

Successful combination of a chromatographic procedure for separating and isolating additive components with an on-line method for obtaining the IR spectrum enables detailed compositional and structural information to be obtained in a relatively short time frame, as shown in the case of additives in PP [501], and of a plasticiser (DEHP) and an aromatic phenyl phosphate flame retardant in a PVC fabric [502], RPLC-TSP-FTIR with diffuse reflectance detection has been used for dye analysis [512], The HPLC-separated components were deposited as a series of concentrated spots on a moving tape. HPLC-TSP-FTIR has analysed polystyrene samples [513,514], The LC Transform has also been employed for the identification of a stain in carpet yarn [515] and a contaminant in a multiwire cable [516], HPLC-FTIR can be used to maintain consistency of raw materials or to characterise a performance difference. 

EDXRF has been used for comparison of the elemental composition of some 100 carpet fibres (both automotive and residential) for forensic source classification [260]. SEM-EDS is too insensitive for this... 

Second behind packaging in the United States is the use of polymers in fiber and fiberfill applications that encompass the apparel, sports equipment, building and construction, electronic, furniture and furnishings, and industrial/machinery markets. In 1998, 4.8 million metric t of manufactured fiber was produced for use in traditional consumer products such as apparel, carpets, upholstered furniture, and bedding as well as in high-tech applications such as composite materials, medical devices, and electronic circuit boards (17). Key fiber types include polyester, nylon, olefin,... 

Table 7.13 Some Typical Carpet Pile Fiber Compositions...

This study is limited to application of unwanted materials such as carpet wastes and recycled glass in cement-based composites. 

Clean flat glass and waste carpet fibers were used in this study. The chemical composition of the glass was analyzed using an X-ray microprobe analyzer and listed in Table 2 together with that of silica fume and rice husk ash for comparison. 

Because reactive types of flame retardants are polymer-specific, their application is limited. There are several reactive flame retardants, specifically produced and all different in composition. For example, there is a 25% pelletized concentrate of antimony pentoxide, bromine and polypropylene resin of various melt flow indices, which is geared to PP fibers for textiles and carpets,... 

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