Career concepts

The ideas of Maslow were only one contributor to the construction of the TCL. The career concept in leisure or tourism was equally important in shaping the TCL approach (Goffman, 1961 Hughes, 1937). In this line of inquiry, it is argued that people s motivation changes with their travel experience. People may be said to have a travel career, reflected in a pattern of travel motives, which changes according to their lifespan and/or accumulated travel experiences. 

It is usefiol to consider a career model that identifies four fundamentally different patterns of experience, each having differing trajectories, motivations, and needs within an organization [8] (Table 35.1). An engineer may tend to associate more strongly with or one or instead equally between two, in which case he or she may possess a hybrid career concept. 

There is good news and bad news in all of this. First, the bad news. The career concepts that many engineers traditionally have followed, often linear or expert in nature, are dwindling in terms of the number of job opportunities available. Engineers, by virtue of the educational demands required (longer and more intense than many other college majors), their more common and traditional association with the core competencies of their employers, and the relatively insulated working environment many have encoimtered [5], have enjoyed favored status in many US companies. 

Svante Arrhenius, like Berzelius, was born in Sweden and spent his entire professional career there. According to Arrhenius, the concept of strong and weak acids and bases came to him on May 13,... 

All sciences, medicine, and many fields of commercial activity draw on chemistry. You can be confident that whatever career you choose in a scientific or technical field, it will make use of the concepts discussed in this text. Chemistry is truly central to science. 

As a result, the limited ability of unit processes to create a viable niche for themselves within chemical engineering must ultimately be understood in terms which also involve unit operations. Although the historical resilience of unit processes turned out to be less than that of unit operations, it was no different in its essential elements. Studying the uneasy and ultimately unsuccessful career of unit processes can therefore be easily justified as a way to shed light on the far more successful career of unit operations. In particular, the career of unit processes raises a hypothesis about the evolution of unit operations. The staying power of unit operations was not so much because of the structural coherence of its conceptual elements as its essential links with social and, more specifically, professional groups. As a theoretical entity, unit operations appears far less stable and, in fact, appears quickly threatened by notions which rest on fewer and more fundamental scientific concepts. Ultimately, this threat came to be realized with the advent of transport phenomena, but this is another story. In effect, unit processes can be interpreted as both the attempt to extend the reach of unit operations and a symptom of their conceptual fragility. 

Through the years from his laboratory studies under Thorpe until his return to London in 1944, and still afterward, the heart of Ingold s theoretical chemistry was a recognition of the complementary roles in chemical processes of three-dimensional structure and physicochemical forces. His early career is marked by an effort to sort out the directing role in reacting molecules played by electrical and polar effects, in combination with stereochemical effects studied by chemists imbued with nineteenth-century concepts of structure and valence. 

Looking at thermodynamics from the physical chemistry perspective, students at the high school and college levels experience difficulties with fundamental concepts in chemical equilibrium and thermodynamics (61). Thomas and Schwenz (62) found that physical chemistry students still have difficulties with the above concepts, which may continue through their professional careers. Both students and lecturers in the SOzbilir study (52) (see above) assumed the abstract nature of thermodynamics concepts as a cause of learning difficulties. 

HASSEL, ODD (1897-1981), A Norwegian chemist who won the Nobel pnze for chemistry in I969 with Derek Barton for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry. A great deal of his work was concerned with Using X-ray and electron differentiation methods ol cry stal and molecular structures. He also researched stereochemistry and conformational analysis. His education and leadline career were in his homeland. 

This book provides a learning environment that encourages students to question. Questions are raised frequently, both throughout the text and in highlighted student aids. Boxes ask how knowledge was obtained and how that knowledge is relevant to a student s life and future career. Other features ask how the power of mathematics can turn concepts into rigorously testable theories. 

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