Cardiac hypertrophy natriuretic peptides

Ellmers, L.J., Knowles, J.W., Kim, H.S., Smithies, O., Maeda, N., and Cameron, V.A. 2002. Ventricular expression of natriuretic peptides in Nprl(-/-) mice with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Am. J. Physiol. 283 H707-H714. 

This expectation is supported by other observations using the surrogate marker brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a most sensitive indicator of myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac impairment [23], The expected curbing of cardiotoxicity in WBZ 4 anticancer therapy was confirmed by examining the mRNA levels of BNP in the left ventricle of mice from the same groups assayed for anticancer activity. The BNP mRNA levels were about 58% higher in the ventricles from imatinib-treated animals (Fig. 8.11b), while no significant difference was detected... 

Numerous neuroendocrine biomarkers correlate with severity of cardiac dysfunction. Heart failure is associated with increase in peripheral vascular resistance due to increases in sympathetic tone, norepinephrine, renin, angiotensin II, arginine vasopressin, and endothelin-1. The increased venous pressure causes atrial distension that stimulates production and release of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP) from the atria and ventricles, respectively. ANP inhibits the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In humans and mammals, BNP has been found to be an early biomarker of left ventricular hypertrophy developing with doxorubicin cardiotoxicity, congestive heart failure, or occult dilated cardiomyopathy (Erkus et al. 2006 Walker 2006 Oyama, Sisson, and Solter 2007). 

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