Cardiac defects

The genotypically normal offspring of an untreated mother may have microcephaly and irreversible brain injury as well as cardiac defects. Scrupulous monitoring of dietary phenylalanine intake in these women has improved outcome [24]. 

Hofstra, R. M. W., Valdenaire, O., Arch, E., et al. (1999) A loss-of-function mutation in the endothelin-converting enzyme 1 (ECE-1) associated with Hirschsprung disease, cardiac defects, and autonomic dysfunction. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 64, 304-308. 

Ethanol readily passes across the placenta and into the fetal circulation. The fetal alcohol syndrome has three primary features microcephaly, prenatal growth deficiency, and short palpebral fissures Other characteristics include postnatal growth deficiency, fine motor dysfunction, cardiac defects, and anomalies of the external genitalia and inner ear. A definite risk of producing fetal abnormalities occurs when ethanol consumption by the mother exceeds 3 oz daily, the equivalent of about six drinks. 

The last candidate, another hydrochloride salt, modulated a target that was widely expressed, but preferentially in smooth muscle tissue. The malformations observed in FETAX (enlarged heart not present in the control database from 2000 to 2010) and in rabbits (defects of the abdominal wall and cardiac defects) were not unexpected. Clearly, the high embryolethal-ity observed (100% from 100 mg/L) without precipitation in FETAX could have masked more pronounced dysmorphogenic effects. This severe mortality could be explained in part by the... 

The primary signs and symptoms of all types of heart failure include tachycardia, decreased exercise tolerance, shortness of breath, peripheral and pulmonary edema, and cardiomegaly. Decreased exercise tolerance with rapid muscular fatigue is the major direct consequence of diminished cardiac output. The other manifestations result from the attempts by the body to compensate for the intrinsic cardiac defect. 

Shou, W., Aghdasi, B., Armstrong, D. L., Guo, Q., Bao, S. et al. (1998). Cardiac defects and altered ryanodine receptor function in mice lacking FKBP12. Nature 391, 489-492. 

Morris, J. K., Lin, W., Hauser, C., Marchuk, Y, Getman, D., and Lee, K. F. (1999). Rescue of the cardiac defect in ErbB2 mutant mice reveals essential roles of ErbB2 in peripheral nervous system development. Neuron 23, 273-283. 

Werler MM, Mitchell AA, Shapiro S. The relation of aspirin use during the first trimester of pregnancy to congenital cardiac defects. N Engl J Med 1989 321(24) 1639 2. 

Three boys with congenital cardiac defects developed polymorphous ventricular tachycardia after having been given intravenous amiodarone two died (48). 

Heart sounds and heart murmurs are important in identify- ing heart valve abnormalities and other structural cardiac defects. 

A. A. Mitchell, L. Rosenberg, S. Shapiro, D. Slone. Birth Defects Related to Bendectin Use in Pregnancy. I. Oral Clefts and Cardiac Defects. Journal of the American Medical Association. Vol 245, pgs. 2311-2314,1981. 

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