Carboxylic acids systematic naming

Carboxylic acids are named systematically by replacing the -e of the parent hydrocarbon by the suffix -oic acid the carbon atom of the carboxyl group is included in the count of atoms to determine the parent hydrocarbon molecule. Thus, formic acid is formally methanoic acid, and acetic acid is ethanoic acid. 

In systematic nomenclature, a carboxylic acid is named by replacing the terminal e of the alkane name with oic acid. For example, the one-carbon alkane is methane, so the one-carbon carboxylic acid is methano/c acid. 

Salts of carboxylic acids are named as -ates in both common and systematic names, -ate replaces -ic acid. The name of the cation precedes that of the carboxylate anion. Thus, CH3C02Na is sodium acetate or sodium ethanoate. 

Carboxylic acids are named systematically by replacing the terminal -e of the corresponding alkane name with -oic acid. Like aldehydes and ketones, the carbonyl carbon atom is sp -hybridized like alcohols, carboxylic acids are associated through hydrogen-bonding and therefore have high boiling points. 

In organic chemistry, the chloroacetic acids (systematic name chloroethanoic acids) are three related chlorocarbon carboxylic acids ... 

It IS hard to find a class of compounds in which the common names of its members have influenced organic nomenclature more than carboxylic acids Not only are the common names of carboxylic acids themselves abundant and widely used but the names of many other compounds are derived from them Benzene took its name from benzoic acid and propane from propionic acid not the other way around The name butane comes from butyric acid present m rancid butter The common names of most aldehydes are derived from the common names of carboxylic acids—valeraldehyde from valeric acid for exam pie Many carboxylic acids are better known by common names than by their systematic ones and the framers of the lUPAC rules have taken a liberal view toward accepting these common names as permissible alternatives to the systematic ones Table 19 1 lists both common and systematic names for a number of important carboxylic acids... 

Systematic names for carboxylic acids are derived by counting the number of car bons m the longest continuous chain that includes the carboxyl group and replacing the e ending of the corresponding alkane by oic acid The first three acids m Table 19 1 methanoic (1 carbon) ethanoic (2 carbons) and octadecanoic acid (18 carbons) illus trate this point When substituents are present their locations are identified by number... 

The list of carboxylic acids in Table 19 1 is by no means exhaus tive insofar as common names are concerned Many others are known by their common names a few of which follow Give a systematic lUPAC name for each... 

Many carboxylic acids are much better known by their common names than by their sys tematic names Some of these follow Provide a stmctural formula for each one on the basis of its systematic name... 

Amides. For primary amides the suffix -amide is added to the systematic name of the parent acid. For example, CH3—CO—NHj is acetamide. Oxamide is retained for HjN—CO—CO—NHj. The name -carboxylic acid is replaced by -carboxamide. 

These enzymes are systematically named nucleoside 5 -(o -D-glycopyranosyl pyrophosphate) NAD oxidoreductases (E.C. 1.1.1 group). It should be noted that only a few enzymes are known, except for the ones just mentioned, that catalyze oxidation of a primary carbon atom to a carboxylic acid group. 

Systematic name. 4-Methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane-3-carboxylic acid, 4-mctliyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl methyl ester... 

Systematic and Common Names of Some Carboxylic Acids... 

As the number of known organic molecules increased, a systematic approach to nomenclature was required. To minimize confusion in communicating chemical information, a name should be consistent with other systems in use and should clearly define the structure of a molecule. Specialists in organic chemistry7 have developed nomenclatures that are logical for their disciplines, thus devising systems for naming alcohols, antibiotics, carboxylic acids, etc. 

Another important class of organic compounds that we shall meet frequently, even in the early chapters of the text, are the carboxylic acids. These compounds are characterized by the carboxyl group, — COOH (7). As their names suggest, these compounds are acids. The most common example is acetic acid, CH3COOH (8 formally, ethanoic acid), the acid that gives vinegar its sharp taste. Another simple carboxylic acid is formic acid, HCOOH (9 formally, methanoic acid), the acid of ant venom. Note how the systematic (formal) names of the carboxylic acids are derived from the parent hydrocarbons (ethane and methane, respectively) by adding -anoic acid as a suffix to the stems eth- and meth-. 

When the structure of a compound is known, the current British-Ameri-can practice42 will be followed. No specific recommendation was made for naming Amadori rearrangement products, but, under Rule 8, the systematic name for the Amadori product of JV-i>-glucosyl-DL-leucine could be 1-(dl-l-carboxy-3-methylbutyl)amino-l-deoxy-D-fructose (I or II), and this name conflicts with the requirement that the carboxyl function takes precedence and that the name should end in acid. Consequently, this compound should be named as N- (n-ara zno-tetrahydroxy-2-oxohexyl)-DL-leucine. A shorter and equally unambiguous name would be l-(DL-leucino)-l-deoxy-D-fructose. (This is sometimes shortened to DL-leucino-deoxyfructose. Such compounds have also been called fructose-leucine, but this is not recommended since it may be confused with such expressions as the fructose-leucine system.11)... 

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