Carboxylic acids, functional derivatives nomenclature

Several important classes of molecules have the carbonyl unit (-C=0) as a key part of their structure. They are generically known as carbonyl compounds. The chemistry associated with carbonyl compounds is important to many chemical reactions. The carbonyl unit is reactive because it is polarized and also contains a weak and reactive 7i-bond. This chapter is primarily dedicated to learning the identity, structure, and nomenclature of the key carbonyl-containing functional groups, as well as the most fundamental aspects of their chemical reactivity. These include aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and carboxylic acid derivatives. 

Substituent groups ( radicals ) derived from acids and certain derivatives thereof by removal of -OH from the functional group are generally called acyl groups and individually named by transforming the ending... ic acid to. ..yl or. ..oyl and. ..carboxylic acid to. ..carbonyl. The names thus formed can also be used in radicofunctional (functional class) nomenclature. 

The molecules of amino acids have two functional groups with different properties, the basic amino group and the acidic carboxyl group. Because the amino group can be bound to different carbon atoms on the hydrocarbon chain, the names of these compounds are derived from the position of this functional group. However, for this class of compounds, the traditional nomenclature in which the C-atoms are labeled not by numbers, but by letters of the Greek alphabet is still in use. In addition, the letter a does not correspond to the carbon atom labeled with number 1, but to the atom with the number 2. In this nomenclature there are a, p, y amino acids, etc. 

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