Nomenclature carboxylic acid derivatives

This chapter concerns the preparation and reactions of acyl chlorides acid anhydrides thioesters esters amides and nitriles These com pounds are generally classified as carboxylic acid derivatives and their nomenclature is based on that of carboxylic acids... 

A summary of nomenclature rules for carboxylic acid derivatives is given in Table 21.1. 

Structure and Nomenclature of Acid Derivatives 982 21-3 Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 988 21-4 Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 991 21-5 Interconversion of Acid Derivatives by Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution 997... 

Table 22.2 summarizes the most important points about the nomenclature of carboxylic acid derivatives. 

Summary Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives and Nitriles... 

The systematic lUPAC nomenclature for carboxylic acid derivatives is different for the various compounds which are in this vast category, but each is based upon the name of the carboxylic acid closest to the derivative in structure. Each type is discussed individually below. 

In Chapter 9 you see the basic structure of each of the carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives. In this chapter we focus on the carboxylic acids and related compounds, such as esters, acyl chlorides, and acid anhydrides, and we also include some information on amides (see Chapter 13 for an additional examination of amides). Before you can get into synthesis and reactions, though, you need to understand the structure and nomenclature of these compounds. 

Amides are formed in a reaction between a carboxylic acid derivative and an amine (or ammonia). The amide bond is the bond between the carbonyl carbon of the acyl group and the nitrogen of the amine. In the I.U.RA.C. Nomenclature System they are named by replacing the -oic acid ending of the carboxylic acid with the -amide ending. In the common system of nomenclature the -ic acid ending of the carboxylic acid is replaced by the -amide ending. Hydrolysis of an amide produces a carboxylic acid and an amine (or ammonia). 

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