Carboxylic acids COOH group

Amino acids Amino acids are molecules that have an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxylic acid (-COOH) group. Under acidic conditions, this molecule donates a proton from the -COOH group to the -NH2 group. These conditions promote a cationic exchange between the -NH], cations formed in the amino acid molecules and the cations... 

Amino (NH2) and carboxylic acid (COOH) groups of the amino acid can readily ionize (to NH3+ and COO ) at certain pHs to form an acid or base. 

Terpenes are are a class of compounds whose chemical structures are based on a number of isoprene units , derived from the hydrocarbon CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 they may themselves be hydrocarbons, but may also contain alcohol (OH), aldehyde/ketone (CO) and carboxylic acid (COOH) groups. Monoterpenes are Cm compounds derived from two isoprene units, sesquiterpenes (Cu) are derived from three isoprene units, diterpenes (C20) from four and tritepenes (C30) from six. Terpenes are widespread in plants, where they are largely responsible for the odor, and they are the major constituents of plant-derived essential oUs . Among the best known terpenes are 3-pinene (turpentine), camphor, menthol and citroneUal (aU monoterpenes) and farnesol (a sesquiterpene that is a constituent of the essential oils of many plants). Certain terpenes have important biological roles vitamin A, for example, is a diterpene, and steroid hormones have a structure related to triterpenes (and are biosynthesized by a similar route). 

Fatty acid Organic compound in animal and vegetable fats and oils. A straight chain hydrocarbon with a carboxylic acid (-COOH) group at one end, which reacts with glycerol (CjHjiOH),) to make a fat. 

A rule of thumb is that an amino acid or protein with multiple ionization sites will always include a primary carboxylic acid (—COOH) group that ionizes at low pH (usually 2 to 3), a primary amino (—NH2) group that ionizes in the pH range between 8 and 10, and other ionizable groups on side chains. 

Ibuprofen was developed by researchers at the Boots Company, a British drug manufacturer, in the early 1960s. Those researchers had found that the anti-inflammatory property of aspirin was due to the presence of a carboxylic acid (-COOH) group in the compound. They searched for other carboxylic acids that might have similar properties and, after testing more than 600 compounds, discovered that ibuprofen met that criterion. It was twice as effective as... 

This test works with carbonyl compounds containing the CH3C=0 and alcohols containing the CH3CH(OH) groups. Carboxylic acids, COOH group... 

Each cimino acid has an eimine (NH2) group, a central carbon atom known as the alpha carbon, a side chain (denoted R), and a carboxylic acid (COOH) group. The amine groups and carboxylic acid groups of amino acids cem be joined in a chain to form polymers of amino acids, known as peptides. Two amino acids form a dipeptide, three form a tripeptide, and chains of four or more amino acids are commonly referred to as polypeptides. Long polypeptides fold into specific conformations, which is what makes up a protein. 

The effect of radiation dose and the hydrolysis conditions on the chemical structure of electron irradiated PTFE was studied. Irradiation produced acid fluoride (COF) groups and, under ambient conditions, these hydrolysed with atmospheric humidity to form free and associated carboxylic acid (COOH) groups. The concentrations of these groups were different in the near-surface and bulk regions. The formation of carboxylic groups in different states of association depended on the hydrolysis conditions (146). 

Most of the previous reports with reference to gas sensors are based on utilization of the carboxylic acid (-COOH) group, which provides reactive sites for interacting with different gases. For example, Fu et al. (2008) recently demonstrated experimentally that sensors made of carboxylated SWCNTs were sensitive to CO, with a lower detection limit of 1 ppm, whereas pristine SWCNTs did not respond. 

The polyesters formed from bisphenol A and isophthalic/terephthalic acids have the general chemical structure provided below. In these compounds, the carboxylic acid COOH groups are in located in para and meta positions in terephthalates and isophthalate, respectively. Example IR and Raman spectra are presented in Reference Spectrum 27. 

Amino acid A compound with both an amino (-NH ) and a carboxylic acid (-COOH) group attached to the CC-carbon. 

Amino acids, which are the molecular building blocks of proteins, contain an amino (—NH2) group and a carboxylic acid (—COOH) group bonded to the central, alpha carbon atom. The unique characteristics of amino acids are due to different side chains (R). In biological systems, the amino and carboxyhc acids groups are present in ionic forms. 

These test methods cover test procedures for synthetic rubber lattices ABR, BR, CR, HR, IR, NBR, NCR, NIR, PBR, PSBR, SBR, SCR, SIR, synthetic rubber latices having substitute carboxylic acid (COOH) groups on the polymer chain (X), and synthetic rubber lattices that are reinforced (Y). Exceptions to the above are noted in the individual test procedures. The test methods include procedures for samphng, and for determining total solids, volatile unsaturates (residual styrene), pH value, surface tension, viscosity, coagulum, bound styrene, Mooney viscosity, mechanical stability, polystyrene reinforcement in contained polymer, and residual acrylonitrile content. 

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