Carboxylate salts naming

As noted in the preceding section, one of the most general methods of synthesis of esters is by reaction of alcohols with an acyl chloride or other activated carboxylic acid derivative. Section 3.2.5 dealt with two other important methods, namely, reactions with diazoalkanes and reactions of carboxylate salts with alkyl halides or sulfonate esters. There is also the acid-catalyzed reaction of carboxylic acids with alcohols, which is called the Fischer esterification. 

Carboxylate salts consist of a carboxylate anion (the anion formed by removal of the proton from the OH of a carboxylic acid) and a cation. They are named in a manner similar to esters, using two words. The first word designates the cation. The second word designates the carboxylate anion, using the -ate suffix, just as is done for esters. 

As their name implies, compounds containing the carboxylic acid (C02H) group can react with bases, losing a proton to form carboxylate salts. Edible carboxylic acids have sharp flavours and several are found in fruits—citric, malic, and tartaric acids are found in lemons, apples, and grapes, respectively. 

From the —COOH group, H+ ion leaves and a carboxylate salt forms. To obtain the name of carboxylate anion, the suffix -oic acid is replaced by the suffix -ate. For example, CH3COO is called acetate. 

The metal carboxylate salts fonned on neutralization of carboxylic acids are named by first specifying the metal ion and then adding the name of the acid modified by replacing -ic acid by -ate. Monocarboxylate salts of diacids are designated by naming both the cation and hydrogen as substituents of carboxylate groups. 

The anion is the carboxylate ion, named by dropping -oic acid and adding -oate the sodium salt of butanoic acid, for instance, is sodium butanoate. 

Name the carboxylic acid (either lUPAC or common name) from which the carboxylate salt is derived. 

The first word of the name of an ester is the name of the alkyl or aromatic group (R ) contributed by the alcohol. The second word is the carboxylic acid name, with the -ic acid ending changed to -ate. This is similar to the method used for naming carboxylic acid salts. Thus, an ester of acetic acid becomes an acetate, one of butyric acid becomes a butyrate, one of lactic acid becomes a lactate, and so on. 

The carboxylate salts are named by changing the -ic ending of the acid to -ate. objective 4 (Section 5.4), Exercise 5.28 The ionic nature of the salts makes them water soluble. A number of carboxylate salts are useful as food preservatives, soaps, and medicines. 

Give the name of a carboxylic acid or carboxylate salt used in each of the following ways ... 

Similar study was done on materials containig carboxylic acid groups. For that purpose, the carboxylic acid groups were transformed into potassium carboxylate salts by treating Ml( = 3), M2 (n = 5), and M3 (n = ll), with either a t-BuOK solution in f-BuOH at 25°C or potassium acetylacetonate (K(acac)) in ethanol, giving rise to materials named M1K-M3K (Scheme 12.21). 

Carboxylate salts are named as shown in the following examples ... 

Complete each acid-base reaction and name the carboxylic salt formed. 

Write equations for the reaction of each acid in Example 17.3 with ammonia and name the carboxylic salt formed. 

As their name impHes, carboxylic acids exhibit mildly acidic protons. Treatment of a carboxylic acid with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, yields a carboxylate salt. 

Carboxylate salts are ionic and are therefore more soluble in water than their corresponding car-boxyhc adds. Carboxylate ions are named by repladng the suffix ic acid with ate , for example ... 

When formic acid is treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH), an acid-base reaction occurs, forming a carboxylate ion. Draw the mechanism of this reaction, and identify the name of the carboxylate salt. 

FIGURE 17.2 Some carboxylate salts and their names. 

PROBLEM 17.26 Write names for the following carboxylate salts ... 

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