Carbons vs. Competing Anode Materials

Despite the fact that currently commercialized lithium-ion cells basically contain 

The TCO is synthesized from SnO, B203, Sn2P207, A1203, and other precursors. The nature of the insertion mechanism of lithium into the Fuji material has 

The good cycling stability of the tin in TCO is quite unusual, because the electrochemical cycling of Li ASn and also of other Li alloy electrodes is commonly associated with large volume changes in the 

in Lithium Batteries (Ed. J.-P. Gabano), Academic Press, London, 1983, Ch. 3. 

Besenhard, in Progress in Intercalation Research (Eds. W. Mtiller-Warmuth, R. Schollhom), Kluwer, Dordrecht, 1994, p. 457. 

Carbons containing dispersed silver [205, 372-374] also show good cycling behavior. Independently of the alloying of lithium with the metal, lithium intercalation into the carbon takes place. Apart from carbons and metal phases, novel oxides such as Li MV04(M = Co, Cd, Ni, Zn l x 8) [375] or (0 1) 

138] C. Menachem, D. Golodnitzky, E. Peled, in Batteries for Portable Applications and Electric Vehicles (Eds. C. F. Holmes, A. R. Land-grebe), The Electrochemical Society, Pennington, NJ, 1997, PV97-18, p. 95. 

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