Carbon tetrachloride, explosion

Chloroform and carbon tetrachloride must not be heated with metallic sodium as an explosive reaction is likely to take place (see footnote, p. 321). 

Carbon tetrachloride must not be dried with sodium as an explosion may result. Fire extinguishers containing this solvent (e.g., Pyrene ) cannot therefore be applied to a fire originating from sodium. 

Many polymer films, eg, polyethylene and polyacrylonitrile, are permeable to carbon tetrachloride vapor (1). Carbon tetrachloride vapor affects the explosion limits of several gaseous mixtures, eg, air-hydrogen and air-methane. The extinctive effect that carbon tetrachloride has on a flame, mainly because of its cooling action, is derived from its high thermal capacity (2). 

For the chlor-alkali industry, an emergency preparedness and response plan is mandatory for potential uncontrolled chlorine and other releases. Carbon tetrachloride is sometimes used to scrub nitrogen trichloride (formed in the process) and to maintain its levels below 4% to avoid fire and explosion. Substitutes for carbon tetrachloride may have to be used, as the use of carbon tetrachloride may be banned in the near future due to its carcinogenicity. 

N)3C.CH2.CH2.Br mw 258.0 N 16.29% OB to C02 —12.40% yel liq. Prepn is by reacting powd Ag -y-trinitrobutyrate and bromine in carbon tetrachloride. The bromide burns rapidly and can be deton with a hammer blow Refs 1) Beil, not found 2) Anon, Synthesis of New Explosives Propellants , Quarterly Progress Rept No 7, US Rubber Co, Passaic, Contract Nord 10129.(1949), 10 11... 

Carbon tetrachloride/triethyialuminium/aluminium chloride mixture is explosive at a temperature of 20°C. 

A few drops of carbon tetrachloride in contact with blazing lithium do not represent any danger. A quantity of 25 cm causes a very violent explosion. 

Heating aluminium powder with carbon tetrachloride, chloromethane or carbon tetrachloride-chloroform mixtures in closed systems to 152°C may cause an explosion, particularly if traces of aluminium chloride are present [1], A mixture of carbon tetrachloride and aluminium powder exploded dining ball-milling [2], and it was later shown that heavy impact would detonate the mixture [3], Mixtures with fluorotrichloroethane and with trichlorotrifluoroethane will flash or spark on heavy impact [4], A virtually unvented aluminium tank containing a 4 1 2 mixture of o-dichlorobenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dichloropropane exploded violently 7 days after filling. This was attributed to formation of aluminium chloride which catalysed further accelerating attack on the aluminium tank [5], An analysis of the likely course of the Friedel-Crafts reaction and calculation of the likely heat release (29.1 kJ/mol) has been published [26],... 

The product is stable during unheated vacuum evaporation of its solutions in carbon tetrachloride. Evaporation with heat at ambient pressure led to a weak explosion of the salt. 

Middleton, W. J. et al., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1959, 81, 803-804 It is notably endothermic (AH°f (g) +125 kJ/mol, 2.84 kJ/g), and liquid fluoroacetylene is treacherously explosive close to its b.p., —80°C. The gas does not ignite in air and is not explosive. Ignition occurred in contact with a solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride. The mercury and silver salts were stable to impact, but the latter exploded on heating, whereas the former decomposed violently. 

Mixtures of ethylene and carbon tetrachloride can be initiated to explode at temperatures betwen 25 and 105°C and pressures of 30-80 bar, causing a six-fold pressure increase. At 100°C and 61 bar, explosion initiated in the gas phase propagated into the liquid phase. Increase of halocarbon cone, in the gas phase decreased the limiting decomposition pressure. 

It explodes if heated quickly to 220°C [1], It is also a friction- and impact-sensitive explosive, which may be used conveniently in carbon tetrachloride solution to minimise handling problems [2],... 

Preussmann, R., Angew. Chem., 1963, 75, 642 Removal of the solvent carbon tetrachloride (in which nitrosation had been effected) at ambient, rather than reduced, pressure caused a violent explosion at the end of distillation. Lowest possible temperatures should be maintained in the preparation. Other precursors seem more suitable as sources of diazomethane. 

Interaction of ethylene and carbon tetrachloride at elevated temperatures and pressures, initiated with benzoyl peroxide as radical source, caused violent explosions on several occasions. Recommended precautions include use of minimum pressure and quantity of initiator, maximum agitation, and presence of water as an inert moderator of high specific heat. 

Use of a carbon tetrachloride extinguisher on a fire in an open container of hypochlorite caused a severe explosion. 

When liquid chlorine was added to carbon disulfide in an iron cylinder, an explosion occurred, owing to the iron-catalysed chlorination of carbon disulfide to carbon tetrachloride. The operation had been done previously in glassware without incident. 

The violent or explosive reactions which carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, etc., exhibit on direct local contact with gaseous fluorine [1], can be moderated by suitable dilution, catalysis and diffused contact [2], Combustion of perfluorocy-clobutane-fluorine mixtures was detonative between 9.04 and 57.9 vol% of the halocarbon [3], Iodoform reacts very violently with fluorine owing to its high iodine content [4], Explosive properties of mixtures with 1,2-dichlorotetrafluoroethane have been studied [5],... 

MRH Bromine 1.21/91, carbon tetrachloride 2.89/83, chlorine 3.85/82 Silane burns in contact with bromine, chlorine or covalent chlorides (carbonyl chloride, antimony pentachloride, tin(IV) chloride, etc.) [1], Extreme caution is necessary when handling silane in systems with halogenated compounds, as a trace of free halogen may cause violent explosions [2],... 

It explodes on contact with carbon tetrachloride or sulfur hexafluoride, and contact with chloroform causes incandescence. Disilane ignites spontaneously in air, even when pure, and ingress of air or oxygen into a volume of disilane causes explosion. 

It ignites in air, and reacts violently and may explode with traces of water [1], It is stable up to 180°C, but reacts explosively and ignites with water, methanol or chloromethane, methylene chloride or carbon tetrachloride [2],... 

Mixtures of the tetraoxide with dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene are explosive when subjected to shock of 25 g TNT equivalent or less [1], Mixtures with trichloroethylene react violently on heating to 150°C [2], Partially fluorinated chloroalkanes were more stable to shock. Theoretical aspects are discussed in the later reference [2,3], The effect of pressure on flammability limits has been studied [4],... 

The compound, previously formulated as tritellurium tetranitride is now shown to have the title structure (though probably polymeric, with inter-ring bonding). Two forms were originally described, one black which explodes on impact, and one yellow which explodes at 200°C [1]. It is explosive when dry, but may be stored safely under carbon tetrachloride [2],... 

Although apparently stable standing in contact, mixtures of sodium with a range of halogenated alkane solvents are metastable and capable of initiation to explosion by shock or impact. Carbon tetrachloride [1,2,3], chloroform, dichloromethane... 

Use of a carbon tetrachloride fire extinguisher on a small uranium fire led to an explosion. 

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