Solid-state carbon-13 nuclear

Inbar, Y., Chen, Y., and Hadar, Y. (1989). Solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy of composted organic matter. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53, 1695-1701. 

Dria, K.J., Sachleben, J.R., and Hatcher, P.G., Solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance of humic acids at high magnetic field strengths, J. Environ. Qual., 31, 393, 2002. 

M Stoltz, DW Oliver, PL Wessels, AA Chalmers. High-resolution solid state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of mofebutazone, phenylbutazone, and oxyphenbutazone in relation to X-ray crystallographic data. J Pharm Sci 80 357-362, 1991. 

Tanner, S.T., Chanzy, H., Vincendon, M. et al (1990) High-resolution solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of chitin. Macromolecules, 23, 3576-3583. 

Quantitative characterization of humic substances by solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. 2000 64 873-884. 

Simpson, M. J., and Hatcher, P. G. (2004). Determination of black carbon in natural organic matter by chemical oxidation and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Org. Geochem. 35, 923-935. 

Figure 15.9. 13C CPMAS NMR spectrum of humin extracted from a brown chernozem soil from Western Canada. The characteristic doublet in the unsubstituted aliphatic region is characteristic of methylene carbon (28-34 ppm) and shows the presence of both amorphous (soft) domains at 29 ppm and crystalline (rigid) domains at 33 ppm in soil humin. Reprinted from Simpson, M. I, and Johnson, R C. E. (2006). Identification of mobile aliphatic sorptive domains in soil humin by solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. Environ. Toxi. Chem. 25, 52-57, with permission from the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.

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Knicker, H. (1999) Biogenic nitrogen in soils as revealed by solid-state carbon-13 and nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Environmental Quality, 29, 715— 723. 

Usami T, Itoh T, Ohtani H, Tsuge S, Structural study of polyacrylonitrile fibers during oxidative thermal degradation by pyrolysis- gas chromatography, solid-state C nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Macromolecules, 23, 2460 465, 1990. Bhat GS, Cook FL, Abhiraman AS, Peebles LH Jr., New aspects in the stabilization of acrylic fibers for carbon fibers. Carbon, 28(2,3), 377-385, 1990. 

Compilation of Experimental Reports on Solid-State NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Spectroscopy Applied to the Study of Carbon Materials... 

Similar methods are available that are based on solid-state proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proton methods are less discriminating than the equivalent carbon-13 method, being based on a two-phase model of semicrystalline morphology. In their favor, they are several orders of magnitude faster than the carbon-13 method and the equipment required is much cheaper. 

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