Carbon reaction with aqueous ammonia

Manufacture. An extensive technology was developed initially ia the 1930s for isolation of ammonium thiocyanate from coke-oven gases, but this technology is no longer practiced ia the United States (372). However, such thiocyanate recovery processes are used iadustrially ia Europe. Likewise, the direct sulfurization of cyanides to thiocyanates is not practiced commercially ia the United States. The principal route used ia the United States is the reaction of carbon disulfide with aqueous ammonia, which proceeds by way of ammonium dithiocarbamate [513-74-6]. Upon heatiag, the ammonium dithiocarbamate decomposes to ammonium thiocyanate and hydrogen sulfide. 

Ammonium thiocyanate is made in the United States by the reaction of carbon disulfide with aqueous ammonia. Ammonium dithiocarbamate is formed as an intermediate in this reaction, which upon heating, decomposes to ammonium thiocyanate and hydrogen sulfide. 

Acetone cyanohydrin, carbon disulfide and aqueous ammonia yield a product (D) with melting point 154—5° C while, with gaseous ammonia, together with (D) another product (E) with m.p. 297° C is formed. Christian (80) has repeated the reaction with aqueous ammonia, carbon disulfide and acetone cyanohydrin. He obtained a product with m.p. 153—4° C which he identified as 2,2,5,5-tetramethylimidazol-idine-4-thione (CLX, Ri=R2=Ra=R4=CH3 i.e. product D). It seems likely therefore that product (A) is 2,2,5,5-dipentamethyleneimidazol-idine-4-thione (CLX, Ri-l-R2=R3-(-R4= —(CHgjs—). 

Yamane and Ren established an efficient molybdenum-mediated carbamoyla-tion of aryl halides [302, 303]. The procedure is simple and requires only a slight excess of carbon monoxide in the form of Mo(CO)g. This reaction provides a method for the synthesis of a variety of amides. Primary amides are also prepared in the reaction with aqueous ammonia (Scheme 2.48). Roberts and colleagues reported a similar reaction with microwave irradiation. 

Chloroacetic acid, reaction with salicyl-aldehyde, 46, 28 Chloroacetone, 46, 3 Chloroacetyl fluoride, 45, 6 o-Chloroacetyl isocyanate, 46,16 -Chloroaniline, reaction with carbon disulfide and aqueous ammonia,... 

Preparation of diazoketones and their rearrangements during hydrolysis (method 271) and alcoholysis (method 295) are discussed elsewhere. Ammonolysis of diazoketones leads to amides of acids containing one more carbon atom than the original acyl halide. Halogen atoms may be present in a remote position on an aliphatic chain. The reaction is carried out by heating the diazoketone in alcohol or dioxane solution with aqueous ammonia in the presence of silver oxide or silver nitrate catalysts. Substituted acetanilides are formed when aniline is used in place of ammonia. ... 

Other methods for the preparation of the cis isomer include heating the trans isomer or tetraammineplatinum-(II) chloride with aqueous ammonia and reaction of ammonium carbonate with tetrachloroplatinic(II) acid. Other methods for the preparation of the trans isomer include the action of hydrochloric acid on dihydroxodiammineplatinum-(II) and the thermal decompositions of ammonium tetra-chloroplatinate(II), tetraammineplatinum(II) chloride, or tetraammineplatinum(II) tetrachloroplatinate(II) (Magnus green salt). ... 

The the green solution reacts with commercial ammonium carbonate on a water-bath to form diamminedicarbonatocobaltate(III) anion, and its potassium salt cjj-K[Co(C03)2(NH3)2] H2O has been isolated By using aqueous ammonia instead of ammonium carbonate the reaction proceeds at room temperature. The reaction of the green solution with aqueous ammonia on a water-bath gives the familiar tetraamminecarbonatocobalt(III) salt. [CoC03(NH3)4]X. With activated charcoal the result is the hexaamminecobalt(III) salt, [Co(NH3)g]X3. 

Chemical softening. Temporarily hard water may also be softened by reaction with a basic substance such as calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, sodium carbonate, Na2C03, or aqueous ammonia, NH3, solution. The HCO3 ions are converted to carbonate, CO32 , ions, and insoluble carbonate salts precipitate, thus removing the unwanted +2 cations. 

Polyfunctionalized pyrrole 37 was prepared by Punniyamurthy from 1,3-enyne 35 and aniline derivative 36 in the presence of iodine and potassium carbonate. The reaction proceeds at room temperature under air with good functional group tolerance. Additionally, the sequence can be carried out with aqueous ammonia in place of 36 to afford unprotected pyrroles in moderate yield (130L4996). 

Potassium [ C]cyanate is most easily prepared by oxidation of K CN with KMn04 . Addition of ammonia and amines to K CNO is its main application in carbon-14 synthesis. The ammonolysis of K CNO upon heating with aqueous ammonia is one of the standard procedures for preparing [ C]urea . Upon its reaction with primary or secondary amines, unsymmetrical [ CJureas such as iV-[ C]carbamoyl aspartic acid 108 are obtained (Figure 7.29). Reaction of two equivalents of K CNO with hydrazine produced... 

To a solution of 0.30 mol of ethyllithium (note 1) in about 270 ml of diethyl ether (see Chapter II, Exp. 1) v/as added 0.30 mol of methoxyallene at -20°C (see Chapter IV, Exp. 4) at a rate such that the temperature could be kept between -15 and -2Q°C. Fifteen minutes later a mixture of 0.27 mol of >z-butyl bromide and 100 ml of pure, dry HMPT ivas added in 5 min with efficient cooling, so that the temperature of the reaction mixture remained below 0°C. The cooling bath was then removed and the temperature was allowed to rise. After 4 h the brown reaction mixture was poured into 200 ml of ice-water. The aqueous layer was extracted twice with diethyl ether. The combined solutions were washed with concentrated ammonium chloride solution (which had been made slightly alkaline by addition of a few millilitres of aqueous ammonia, note 2) and dried over potassium carbonate. After addition of a small amount (2-5 ml) of... 

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