Carbon monoxide with alkali metals

Carbamoyl complexes from metal carbonyls and amines 5.8.2.12.4 Carbanions reactions with alkene complexes 5.8.2.3,4 metal carbonyls 5.8.2.S.5 Carbene complexes by alkene metathesis 5.8.2.3.11 formation 5.8.2.8.5 Carbides alkali metal formation 5.10.2.1 bonding 5.10.2 formation 5.10.2 industrial uses 5.10.2 interstitial formation 5.10.2 Carbometallacycle formation 5.S.2.2.2 Carbometallacycles from n-allyl complexes 5.S.2.3.9 Carbon reaction with alkali metals 5.10.2.1 Carbon dioxide complexes formation 5.8.2.14.1 Carbon monoxide displacement by alkenes 5.8.2.3.1 Carbonyl complexes by ligand exchange 5.8.2.12.2 from carbon monoxide 5.8.2.12.1, 5.8.2.12.2... 

Amorphous or crystalline silicon both react exothermally when heated with alkali-metal carbonates, attaining incandescence and evolving carbon monoxide. 

Adsorption enthalpies and vibrational frequencies of small molecules adsorbed on cation sites in zeolites are often related to acidity (either Bronsted or Lewis acidity of H+ and alkali metal cations, respectively) of particular sites. It is now well accepted that the local environment of the cation (the way it is coordinated with the framework oxygen atoms) affects both, vibrational dynamics and adsorption enthalpies of adsorbed molecules. Only recently it has been demonstrated that in addition to the interaction of one end of the molecule with the cation (effect from the bottom) also the interaction of the other end of the molecule with a second cation or with the zeolite framework (effect from the top) has a substantial effect on vibrational frequencies of the adsorbed molecule [1,2]. The effect from bottom mainly reflects the coordination of the metal cation with the framework - the tighter is the cation-framework coordination the lower is the ability of that cation to bind molecules and the smaller is the effect on the vibrational frequencies of adsorbed molecules. This effect is most prominent for Li+ cations [3-6], In this contribution we focus on the discussion of the effect from top. The interaction of acetonitrile (AN) and carbon monoxide with sodium exchanged zeolites Na-A (Si/AM) andNa-FER (Si/Al= 8.5 and 27) is investigated. 

As already shown in Eqs. (3), (4) and (5), fragmentation of carbonyl cluster anions, on reaction with carbon monoxide becomes easier with increasing negative charge. It is therefore not surprising that reduction of tetranuclear clusters with alkali metals in excess, gives rise to simple mononuclear derivatives [M(CO)4]-, as found for Co4(CO)12 in liquid NH3 13, e Rh4(CO)12 in THF under C056) and Ir4(CO)12 in THF under CO 17S ... 

Chemical/Physical. Carbon dioxide, chloride, dichloromaleic, oxalic and glycolic acids, were reported as ozonation products of 2,4,5-T in water at pH 8 (Struif et al., 1978). Reacts with alkali metals and amines forming water-soluble salts (Worthing and Hance, 1991). When 2,4,5-T was heated at 900 °C, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, chlorine, HCl, and ojtygen were produced (Kennedy et al, 1972, 1972a). 

Certain apparently solid—solid reactions with a solid product are, in reality, solid—gas reactions. Thus, the reduction of a metal oxide by solid carbon is really a two stage process, the oxidation of carbon by gaseous carbon dioxide to form carbon monoxide, followed by the reduction of the metal oxide by the carbon monoxide to form metal plus carbon dioxide. Often, the carbon oxidation is the rate-controlling reacion and the rate of this reaction can be catalysed by the addition of small amounts of alkali and also by fine metal particles produced as a result of the reduction reaction [7]. 

In the pure condition auric hydroxide resembles ferric hydroxide in appearance, and has the colour of brown ochre, but impurities impart to it a yellowish or greenish tint. It is soluble in nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, and in hot potassium-hydroxide solution, but insoluble in solutions of the carbonates of the alkali-metals and ammonium.6 It dissolves in solutions of the chlorides of sodium, potassium, and barium with production of complex salts.7 Prolonged heating at 140° to ISO0 C. eliminates all its water, with formation of auric oxide, Au2Oa. At 155° to 165° C. auric oxide is converted into gold monoxide, AuO.8... 

Carbon monoxide is very toxic, rapidly giving a bright red complex with the hemoglobin of blood. Carbon monoxide reacts with alkali metals in liquid ammonia to give the alkali metal carbonyls these white solids contain the [OCCO]2 ion. 

An increase of the dispersion part of interactions takes place with enrichment of the cation electron shell, while the smaller the cation radius is—i.e., the higher the concentration of the positive charge— the more pronounced the electrostatic interaction is. This may be illustrated taking the example of separation of the mixture hydrogen-methane-carbon monoxide on type X zeolites with alkali metal cations. 

The best catalyst was found to consist of zinc oxide and copper (or copper oxide) with an admixture of compounds of chromium. The success of the operation depended upon (a) the absence of alkali, which would cause decomposition of the methanol and the production of higher alcohols and oily products, and (b) the complete elimination of all metals except copper, aluminum and tin from those parts of the apparatus which come in contact with the reacting gases. Contact of carbon monoxide with iron, nickel, or cobalt had to be avoided since they formed volatile carbonyls winch deposited metal, by decomposition, on the active catalyst surface and thereby acted as poisons to destroy activity. 

Carbon monoxide reacts with many metals to form metal carbonyls, some of which explode upon heating. Reactions with alkali metals yield the corresponding carbonyls, which explode on heating. Lithium carbonyl detonates when mixed with water, igniting gaseous products (Mellor 1946, Suppl. 1961). It undergoes violent reactions... 

Cobalt has an odd number of electrons, and does not form a simple carbonyl in oxidation state 0. However, carbonyls of formulae Co2(CO)g, Co4(CO)i2 and CoJCO),6 are known reduction of these by an alkali metal dissolved in liquid ammonia (p. 126) gives the ion [Co(CO)4] ". Both Co2(CO)g and [Co(CO)4]" are important as catalysts for organic syntheses. In the so-called oxo reaction, where an alkene reacts with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, under pressure, to give an aldehyde, dicobalt octacarbonyl is used as catalyst ... 

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