Carbon monoxide specific heat

The saturation coverage during chemisorption on a clean transition-metal surface is controlled by the fonnation of a chemical bond at a specific site [5] and not necessarily by the area of the molecule. In addition, in this case, the heat of chemisorption of the first monolayer is substantially higher than for the second and subsequent layers where adsorption is via weaker van der Waals interactions. Chemisorption is often usefLil for measuring the area of a specific component of a multi-component surface, for example, the area of small metal particles adsorbed onto a high-surface-area support [6], but not for measuring the total area of the sample. Surface areas measured using this method are specific to the molecule that chemisorbs on the surface. Carbon monoxide titration is therefore often used to define the number of sites available on a supported metal catalyst. In order to measure the total surface area, adsorbates must be selected that interact relatively weakly with the substrate so that the area occupied by each adsorbent is dominated by intennolecular interactions and the area occupied by each molecule is approximately defined by van der Waals radii. This... 

Fuel economy is measured usiag a carbon balance method calculation. The carbon content of the exhaust is calculated by adding up the carbon monoxide (qv), carbon dioxide (qv), and unbumed hydrocarbons (qv) concentrations. Then usiag the percent carbon ia the fuel, a volumetric fuel economy is calculated. If the heating value of the fuel is known, an energy specific fuel economy ia units such as km/MJ can be calculated as well. 

The specific heats of IPN product gas (primarily carbon monoxide and methane) arising from combustion are Cp 0.333cal/g/° and Cv 0.246cal/g/° (both calcd at 250psi and 300°K). The specific impulse of these gases (calcd at 400psi) is 155 lbs/thrust/lb/sec... 

The Pd-Sn/C catalysts (1 to 7.5% Pd containing 0 to 1% Sn) were heated under vacuum at 150°C and then exposed to hydrogen. These preactivated samples were then titrated with carbon monoxide, a veiy specific ligand for Pd, up to 800 Torr at 30°C. A general linear trend of carbon monoxide concentration with % Pd in Figure 15.3 indicates that the carbon monoxide adsorption is directly correlated to Pd concentration, as expected. The trend is independent of Sn content. This linear Pd-CO trend indicates that the particle size distribution is similar for the different catalysts. However, Figure 15.3 also indicates no relationship between % H2S irreversibly adsorbed and % Pd. 

After heating to 623 K in helium, which also effected reduction according to XAFS, treatment with sodium cyanide solution removed the Au°, and left 10% of gold as cationic Au111.54 The specific rate of carbon monoxide oxidation was constant, irrespective of the treatment with sodium cyanide, as were activation energy and orders of reaction. It appeared that the Au111 was reduced under reaction conditions, and was not an active species. 

The calculation of the flame temperature for a combustible gas like hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or methane at first sight appears to be a simple problem since the apparently necessary data are only the heat of combustion and the specific heats of the products. Such calculations always yield very high results much above those recorded by direct experimental measurements. The discrepancy is probably due to a combination of several causes. On account of the temperature of the flame the products are partially dissociated,1 so that combustion is not complete m the flame. The specific heat of gases increases with rise m temperature, so that the value obtained at the ordinary temperature for the specific heat is too low. In addition to these two causes, another contributory factor is the loss of heat by radiation, which may be very considerable even m nou-lummous flames, whilst the general presence of an excess of the supporter of combustion and the non-instantaneous character of the combustion also detract from the accuracy of the calculation.2... 

SAFETY PROFILE Most carbonyls are highly toxic. The toxicity of carbonyls depends in part, but not always endrely, on their ready decomposition, which releases carbon monoxide. Symptoms are due in part to carbon monoxide and in part to the direct irritating action of the carbonyl. See specific carbonyl in question. Many carbonyl metals ignite spontaneously in air, some with a delay period. Others are moderate fire and explosion hazards when exposed to heat or flame. Carbonyls of alkali metals are potentially explosive. Hypergolic reaction... 

Type of catalyst. The type of catalyst affects the maximum feasible regeneration temperature without deactivation, the ratio of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide produced, and the specific burning rate. The relative heat stabilities of the various commercial catalysts have already... 

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