Carbon monoxide mitigation

In addition, other chemicals such as a-adrenergic blocking agents like chlorpromazine (O Flaherty and Thomas 1982 Way and Burrows 1976) or oxygen (Burrows et al. 1973 Sheehy and Way 1968) may be used to enhance the protective action of other antidotes. However, the mechanism of their action is not well understood. Further research for a potent and safe antidote, particularly among smoke inhalation victims who have carbon monoxide poisoning, to mitigate cyanide toxicity is desirable. 

Ambient air quality in the United States has improved dramatically since the Clean Air Act was enacted in 1970. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) monitors air quality and compares the data with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), which have been established for ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), lead (Pb), and particulate matter (PM, airborne particles of any composition). Improvements in air quality help to mitigate atmospheric corrosion, as will be discussed in this chapter. 

Carbon monoxide is the most understood poisoning phenomena due to extensive studies. The goal of this chapter (7) is to provide a full understanding of the CO poisoning phenomenon, sufficient to enable the reader to numerically simulate CO poisoning as well as its mitigation methods. Empirical models are usually developed and an example of fhis is described. Mathematical models, which include the fundamental physical and chemical properties of the system under study, are more useful for parametric studies, such as, for example, the effects of fhe catalyst layer structure. Several approaches to the mathematical models are briefly described. 

ORR) from the cross-over of reactants to the opposite electrode by air bleed introduced directly on the anode under reformate operation due to the need to mitigate carbon monoxide poisoning of the anode or a number of other mechanisms. 

The ability of copper salts to dissolve carbon monoxide was first discovered by Leblanc (1850). Early interest in the phenomenon centered around its use in gas analysis for the determination of carbon monoxide. The first aqueous solutions were generally acid and unsuited for use in conventional equipment because they caused severe corrosion. This problem was mitigated by the use of salts of weak acids, such as carbonic and formic, rather than previously used salts of hydrochloric or sulfuric acids. 

The equilibrium constant K was determined for various values of temperature T. Then, using Equation 5.33, the partial pressure of magnesium vapor (pMg) was calculated at various temperatures by keeping partial pressure of carbon monoxide gas [ppoj = 1- The calculations showed that p g was about 10 atm. at 1500°C and about 0.1 atm. at 1700°C. Fortunately, for the refractory in service, two factors mitigate the anticipated Mg evaporation rate (a) mass transport is impeded by slag and other factors affecting diffusion [74], and (b) much of the Mg vapor apparently reoxidizes within the refractory [75] either at lower temperature behind the hot face or upon... 

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