Magnesium vaporization

A vacuum-retort process (Pidgeon process) was used during World War II for the production of magnesium and calcium. SiHcon, in the form of ferrosihcon, was used as the reducing agent instead of carbon to avoid the problem of cooling magnesium vapor in the presence of carbon dioxide ... 

Magnesium ferrosihcon alloys react vigorously when added to molten iron. As the magnesium vaporizes and cools, it reacts with residual surface tension modifiers such as sulfur and oxygen and greatly increases the surface tension of the molten iron. The dissolved graphite in the molten iron nucleates and grows into a spheroidal shape because of the increased surface tension of the molten iron. 

The intensive increase in capacitor production has initiated the development of novel processes for the production of tantalum and niobium capacitor-grade powders, and the successful development of a new method, based on the reduction of tantalum or niobium oxide using magnesium vapors, was recently announced [38]. 

Magnesium oxide powder from magnesium vapor and oxygen,and tungsten carbide. 

The use of magnesiiun as a primary nodulizer is not without problems, however, as elemental magnesium vaporizes (at 1 atm pressure) at 1103 C, which is lower than the temperature of the molten metal (=1500 C) into which the magnesium is introduced. 

Magnesium vapor does not react with neopentane (106) or 2-butyne (104). The reaction of Ca vapor with CF3CF=CFCF3, C6F , C6FsH,... 

Mg (g). Wehnelt and Musceleanu1 measured directly the heat of vaporization of magnesium. Vapor pressure data were obtained by Ditte,7 Greenwood,8, 5 von Wartenberg,4 Ruff and Hartmann,1 and Hartmann and Schneider.1 The values of the energy states of gaseous monatomic magnesium are from Fowler,8 Turner,1 and Soderqvist.1... 

Intensity of harmonics radiation in magnesium vapor, produced under double resonance conditions shown in Fig. 3. 

Fig, 7. Frequency dependence of harmonic radiation in magnesium vapor in the region of the ionization continuum. 

So far, the combination of a large susceptibility with a wide region of wavelength tunability over the ionization continuum seems to be unique to magnesium vapor. Two factors are important. First, there is constructive interference in the bound-continuum matrix elements, which reflect the continuum electronic structure. Second, configuration interaction with the even parity doubly excited np series brings extra two-photon transition... 

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