Carbon monoxide emission spectra

Section 6.13.2 and illustrated in Figure 6.5. The possible inaccuracies of the method were made clear and it was stressed that these are reduced by obtaining term values near to the dissociation limit. Whether this can be done depends very much on the relative dispositions of the various potential curves in a particular molecule and whether electronic transitions between them are allowed. How many ground state vibrational term values can be obtained from an emission spectrum is determined by the Franck-Condon principle. If r c r" then progressions in emission are very short and few term values result but if r is very different from r", as in the A U — system of carbon monoxide discussed in Section 7.2.5.4, long progressions are observed in emission and a more accurate value of Dq can be obtained. 

Human-made sources cover a wide spectrum of chemical and physical activities and are the major contributors to urban air pollution. Air pollutants in the United States pour out from over 10 million vehicles, the refuse of over 250 million people, the generation of billions of kilowatts of electricity, and the production of innumerable products demanded by eveiyday living. Hundreds of millions of tons of air pollutants are generated annu ly in the United States alone. The five main classes of pollutants are particulates, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon monoxide. Total emissions in the United States are summarized by source categoiy for the year 1993 in Table 25-10. 

Furan-2-carbaldehyde has been much studied. A thorough analysis of the first two major electronic transitions has been carried out. Practical work is hampered by the resinification of the compound and by the presence of a trace impurity which gives rise to a long-lived pressure-independent component in the phosphorescence spectrum.23 The absence of n ->n excited emission and other facts implicate a very efficient double intersystem crossing.14 24 Whether or not sensitized by mercury, photodecomposition of the aldehyde gives much carbon monoxide, propyne, and allene. Small amounts of furan, carbon dioxide, and acetylene are also formed. 

Both technological and atmospheric radiation are mostly associated with water vapor and carbon dioxide, which are significant emitters and absorbers. Other examples of gases of significant emission and absorption properties are carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, and hydrogen chloride. In general, radiation occurs over a number of discrete bands of the electromagnetic spectrum (recall Fig. 8.2). However,... 

In the emission spectrum of plasma generated in the reactor the lines for atomic carbon (833.5 nm) and oxygen (777.4 and 844.6 nm) were observed. This fact evidenced that the energy delivered to molecules of carbon monoxide in the non-equilibrium plasma is enough for the disproportion. This reaction exhibits an enhancement at the surface of nickel catalyst yielding elemental carbon. The favorable conditions for the growth of carbon nanotubes via the carbide cycle are created in the case of Ni/Al2O3 catalyst since the nickel... 

A number of studies on motor-vehicle emissions have been realised for the preparation of directives and have been formalised by different Community Directives- Other studies on motor-vehicles are destined to Lead to a further stage in the reduction of emissions- It must be stated that these studies concern not only the problems of hydrocarbon emissions but also the whole spectrum of emissions one cannot distinguish between different pollutants and, apart from hydrocarbons, one must simuItaneoulsy consider nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides as well as taking into account economic aspects of energy consumption and prices- In these studies no real distinction is made between the different types of hydrocarbons, one considers total hydrocarbons. 

No emission spectrum is expected for the cloud and star light microwave absorptions by the cloud are by the lowest rotational states. At higher temperatures additional high-energy lines appear because higher energy rotational states are populated. Circumstellar clouds may exhibit infrared absorptions due to vibrational excitation as well as electrcxiic transitions in the ultraviolet. Ultraviolet absorptions may indicate the photodissocation of carbon monoxide. High temperature clouds exhibit emissions. 

FIGURE 13 Objective-grating far-UV spectrum of Comet Halley, obtained by the Naval Research Laboratory in a 1986 sounding rocket flight, which excludes the hydrogen Lyman a emission. The spectrum reveals far-UV emissions of atomic oxygen, carbon, sulfur, and also carbon monoxide (CO) (unlabeled features between the OI and CI features). 

---