Carbon monoxide electrochemical oxidation

Sugimoto W, Saida T, Takasu Y. 2006. Co-catalytic effect of nanostructured ruthenium oxide towards electro-oxidation of methanol and carbon monoxide. Electrochem Commun 8 411-415. 

Recent Developments in Electrochemical Solid Polymer Electrolyte Sensor Cells for Measuring Carbon Monoxide and Oxides of Nitrogen... 

Gold-Catalyzed Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide. The oxidation of gold electrodes in alkaline media has been discussed in Chapter 10 and the electrochemical oxidation of CO, in Chapter 11. Because the intermediate involves... 

Adsorption of carbon monoxide (Eq.(5a)) is assumed to occur in parallel with the dissociative chemisorption of hydrogen (Eq. (5b)) (M is a catalyst site), hydrogen oxidation current is assumed to be generated by process (5c), and adsorbed carbon monoxide would oxidize electrochemically to CO2 according to Eq. (5d), reacting with a water-derived adsorbed oxygen species. 

Moseley P, Williams DE (1989) Gas sensors based on oxides of early transition meteds. Polyhedron 8 1615-1618 Mosley PT, Norris J, Williams DE (eds) (1991) Techniques and mechanisms in gas sensing. Adam Hilger, New York Moulson AJ, Herbert JM (1990) Electroceramics materieils, properties, applications. Chapman and Hall, London Mukundan R, Brosha E, Brown D, Garzon F (1999) Ceria-electrolyte-based mixed potential sensors for the detection of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide. Electrochem Soc Lett 2(8) 412-414 MuUa IS, Ramgir NS, Hwang YK, Chang J-S (2004) Semiconductor tin oxide gas sensors from bulk to thin films. J Ind Eng Chem 10(7) 1242-1256... 

Crabb EM, Marshall R, Thompsett D. Carbon monoxide electro-oxidation properties of carbon-supported PtSn catalysts prepared using surface organometallic chemistry. J Electrochem Soc 2000 147 4440-7. 

Other Methods. A variety of other methods have been studied, including phenol hydroxylation by N2O with HZSM-5 as catalyst (69), selective access to resorcinol from 5-methyloxohexanoate in the presence of Pd/C (70), cyclotrimerization of carbon monoxide and ethylene to form hydroquinone in the presence of rhodium catalysts (71), the electrochemical oxidation of benzene to hydroquinone and -benzoquinone (72), the air oxidation of phenol to catechol in the presence of a stoichiometric CuCl and Cu(0) catalyst (73), and the isomerization of dihydroxybenzenes on HZSM-5 catalysts (74). 

A variety of instmments are available to analyze carbon monoxide in gas streams from 1 ppm to 90%. One group of analyzers determines the concentration of carbon monoxide by measuring the intensity of its infrared stretching frequency at 2143 cm . Another group measures the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide electrochemically. Such instmments are generally lightweight and weU suited to appHcations requiring portable analyzers. Many analyzers are equipped with alarms and serve as work area monitors. 

In electrochemical cells sample oxidation produces an electric current proportional to the concentration of test substance. Sometimes interferences by other contaminants can be problematic and in general the method is poorer than IR. Portable and static instruments based on this method are available for specific chemicals, e.g. carbon monoxide, chlorine, hydrogen sulphide. 

Oscillatory reactions carbon monoxide oxidation, 388 electrochemical promotion of, 389 Overpotential activation, 124 anodic, 122 cathodic, 122 cell, 123... 

Gilman S. 1964. The mechanism of electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide and methanol on platinum. II. The reactant-pair mechanism for electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide and methanol. J Phys Chem 68 70-80. 

Hayden BE, Murray AJ, Parsons R, Pegg DJ. 1996. UHV and electrochemical transfer studies on Pt(110)-(1 X 2) The influence of bismuth on hydrogen and oxygen adsorption, and the electro-oxidation of carbon monoxide. J Electroanal Chem 409 51-63. 

Anderson AB, Neshev NM. 2002. Mechanism for the electro-oxidation of carbon monoxide on platinum, including electrode potential dependence—Theoretical determination. J Electrochem Soc 149 E383-E388. 

Zou S, Gomes R, Weaver MJ. 1999. Infrared spectroscopy of carbon monoxide and nitric oxide on palladium(lll) in aqueous solution unexpected adlayer structural differences between electrochemical and ultrahigh-vacuum interfaces. J Electroanal Chem 474 155-166. 

Energetics are size-reduced and mixed with concentrated nitric acid and silver nitrate to form a slurry. The slurry is mixed with Ag2+ from the electrochemical cells to oxidize the energetic material, forming carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, water, inorganic salts, and carbon monoxide. 

It is essential to understand the mechanisms of methanol oxidation including the adsorbate formation and removal. To this purpose, the electrochemical oxidation of adsorbed carbon monoxide (COad) and methanol was studied using electrochemical and two spectroscopic... 

In Chapter 2, the electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide, which is considered as the key intermediate for methanol oxidation, is investigated using electrochemical and spectroscopic methods for polycrystalline and single crystal platiniim electrodes. In Chapter 3, the electrochemical oxidation of methanol on the same electrodes was treated. In Chapter 4, electrocatalytic activities of platinum modified by adding secondary elements will be disciissed. 

It is widely agreed that carbon monoxide (CO) is a m u or adsorbate when fuels such as methane, methanol, fi>rmaideh3rde, formic add, and higher molecular wei t hydrocarbons are electrochemically oxidized. CO is also found in a gas reformed from hydrocarbon for hydrogen- oxj en fuel cells. In both cases, it is certain that CO has inhibiting effects on the oxidation of the foels. For this reason, extensive works have been done. ... 

One of the common ways in which fuel cell components experience degradation is through corrosion. Carbon particles in the CL are susceptible to electrochemical (voltage) corrosion and contain Pt particles that catalyze oxidation reactions. The carbon fibers in CFPs and CCs and the carbon black in MPLs are not as susceptible to these issues because they are not part of the electrochemical reactions and do not contain Pt particles. However, they can still go through chemical surface (hydrogen peroxide) oxidation by water or even by loss of carbon due to oxidation to carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide [256,257]. 

This section addresses the role of chemical surface bonding in the electrochemical oxidation of carbon monoxide, CO, formic acid, and methanol as examples of the electrocatalytic oxidation of small organics into C02 and water. The (electro)oxidation of these small Cl organic molecules, in particular CO, is one of the most thoroughly researched reactions to date. Especially formic acid and methanol [130,131] have attracted much interest due to their usefulness as fuels in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane direct liquid fuel cells [132] where liquid carbonaceous fuels are fed directly to the anode catalyst and are electrocatalytically oxidized in the anodic half-cell reaction to C02 and water according to... 

Metcalfe and Sundaresan15 went on to confirm that e.m.f. s obtained in the case of CO oxidation over platinum cannot be explained if reaction (3.3) is the only electrochemical reaction to occur. Even under oxygen rich conditions, carbon monoxide was involved in the electrochemical reactions, the dominant electrochemical reactions being,15... 

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