Carbon fibers in composites

In contrast, there is also current interest in investigating PAN-based fibers in low thermal conductivity composites [62], Such fibers are carbonized at low temperature and offer a substitute to rayon-based carbon fibers in composites designed for solid rocket motor nozzles and exit cones. 

R. M. Gill, Carbon Fibers in Composite Materials, Iliffe Books, London, 1972. 

Wang and Chung [186] have observed apparent negative electrical resistance in interfaces between layers of carbon fibers in composite material in a direction perpendicular to the fiber layers. 

SSIMS has been used in the TOP SSIMS imaging mode to study very thin layers of organic materials [3.32-3.36], polymeric insulating materials [3.37], and carbon fiber and composite fracture surfaces [3.38]. In these studies a spatial resolution of ca. 80 nm in mass-resolved images was achieved. 

Today, carbon fibers are still mainly of interest as reinforcement in composite materials [7] where high strength and stiffness, combined with low weight, are required. For example, the world-wide consumption of carbon fibers in 1993 was 7,300 t (compared with a production capacity of 13,000 t) of which 36 % was used in aerospace applications, 43 % in sports materials, with the remaining 21 % being used in other industries. This consumption appears to have increased rapidly (at 15 % per year since the early 1980s), at about the same rate as production, accompanied by a marked decrease in fiber cost (especially for high modulus fibers). 

Carbon-Fiber Electrodes The growing interest in ultramicroelectrodes (Section 4-5.4) has led to widespread use of carbon fibers in electroanalysis. Such materials are produced, mainly in connection with the preparation of high-strength composites, by high-temperature pyrolysis of polymer textiles or via... 

Cai H, Bashar MT, Picot JJC (2004). Thermal and mechanical anisotropy in compression molded carbon fiber/resin composites. Polymer Composites 26 684-688. 

Although this technique is not normally used for thin polymer films for the reasons described before, it can be used for analyzing the surface of polymer composites containing conductive fillers, e.g. carbon fibers. In addition, because of the surface specificity, the sampled area can be maintained almost identically to the beam cross-section so that the scanning Auger microscope (SAM) can have a spatial resolution that is much better than that of microprobe analysis. 

Denison, P., Jones, F.R., Brown, A., Humphrey, P. and Harvey, J. (1988a), Scanning secondary ion mass spectroscopy studies of the micromechanics and chemical structure in the region of the interface in carbon fiber-epoxy composites. J. Mater. Sci. 23, 2153-2156. 

Favre, J.P. and Jacques, D. (1990). Stress transfer by shear in carbon fiber model composites Part I Results of single fiber fragmentation tests with thermosetting resins. J. Mater. Sci. 25, 1373-1380. 

Hu, X.Z. and Mai, Y.W. (1993). Mode I delamination and fiber bridging in carbon fiber expoxy composites with and without PVAL coating. Composites Sci. Technol. 46, 147-156. 

Favre, J.P. and Jacques, D. (1990). Stress transfer by shear in carbon fiber model composites Part I Results of single fiber fragmentation tests with thermosetting resins. J. Mater. Sci. 25, 1373-1380. Favre. J.P., Sigety, P. and Jacques, D. (1991). Stress transfer by shear in carbon fiber model composites. Part 2. Computer simulation of the fragmentation test. J. Mater. Sci. 26, 189-195. 

Wawner, F.E., Jr. (1988). Boron and silicon carbide/carbon fibers. In Fiber Reinforcements for Composite Materials (A.R. Bunsell cd.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 371-425. 

Galiotis C., Melanitis, N., Batchelder D.N., Robinson I.M. and Peacock J.A. (1988). Residual strain mapping in carbon fiber PEEK composites. Composites 19, 321-324. 

Low, B.Y., Anderson, K.L., Vincent, M.. Gardener, S.D., Pittman, C.U. and Hacketl, R.M. (1995a). Toughened carbon fiber/epoxy composites the relative influence of an elastomer interpha.se and elastomer dispersed in the matrix. Composites Eng. 5, 437-457. 

Singh, S. and Partridge, l.K. (1995). Mixed mode fracture in an interleaved carbon fiber-epoxy composite. Composites Set. Tecimof 55. 319-327. 

Kalnin, I. L., and H. Jager (1985). Carbon fiber surfaces—characterization, modification and effect on the fracture behavior of carbon fiber-polymer composites, pp. 62—77. In Fitzer E., ed. Carbon Fibers and Their Composites. Springer-Verlag, New York. 

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