Carbon electrodes potential range

HPLC with ED, vitreous carbon electrode, potential range 0.72-0.85 V. 

Carbazide, diphenyl-in chromiuin(III) analysis, 523 liquid-liquid extraction, 545 Carbon electrodes potential range aqueous solution. 480 Carbon monoxide... 

Consequently, the electrode behaves like a capacitor and only capacitive current (no faradic current) flows upon a change of potential in a certain electrode potential range. The electrode [carbon/1.0 M NaCl (aq) interface] mentioned above can behave as an ideal polarized elecfrode buf only within the double-layer range from -0.6 to 0.2 V versus NHE. 

The limited anodic potential range of mercury electrodes has precluded their utility for monitoring oxidizable compounds. Accordingly, solid electrodes with extended anodic potential windows have attracted considerable analytical interest. Of the many different solid materials that can be used as working electrodes, the most often used are carbon, platinum, and gold. Silver, nickel, and copper can also be used for specific applications. A monograph by Adams (17) is highly recommended for a detailed description of solid-electrode electrochemistry. 

The oxidation product in DCE, CQ, has a charge, and hence it may be liable to transfer to W. The transfer of CQ at the W/DCE interface was investigated by current-scan polarography. Here, CQ in DCE had been prepared by reducing CQ in DCE at a column electrode with carbon fiber working electrode [40]. The polarogram (curve 2 in Fig. 8) indicates that CQ transfers from DCE to W in the potential range more positive than -0.7 V. 

Cyclic voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry, and controlled potential electrolysis were used to study the electrochemical oxidation behavior of niclosamide at a glassy carbon electrode. The number of electrons transferred, the wave characteristics, the diffusion coefficient and reversibility of the reactions were investigated. Following optimization of voltammetric parameters, pH, and reproducibility, a linear calibration curve over the range 1 x 10 6 to 1 x 10 4 mol/dm3 niclosamide was achieved. The detection limit was found to be 8 x 10 7 mol/dm3. This voltammetric method was applied for the determination of niclosamide in tablets [33]. 

The oxidation of hydroxide ion in acetonitrile at copper, silver, gold, and glassy-carbon electrodes has been characterized by cyclic voltammetry. In the absence of bases the metal electrodes are oxidized to their respective cations (Cu+, Ag+, and Au+) at potentials that range from -0.2V vs. SCE for Cu to +1.3 V for Au. At glassy carbon OH is oxidized to 0 - (+0.35 V vs SCE) and then to... 

The improvement in air performance of catalyzed carbon based (0.5 mg Pt/cm ) porous cathodes with cell temperature is illustrated in Figure 4-4 (17). As expected, the electrode potential at a given current density decreases at lower temperatures, and the decrease is more significant at higher current densities. In the temperature range of 60 to 90°C, the cathode performance increases by about 0.5 mV/°C at 50 to 150 mA/cm. ... 

The electronic properties of CNTs, and especially their band structure, in terms of DOS, is very important for the interfacial electron transfer between a redox system in solution and the carbon electrode. There should be a correlation between the density of electronic states and electron-transfer reactivity. As expected, the electron-transfer kinetics is faster when there is a high density of electronic states with energy values in the range of donor and acceptor levels in the redox system [2]. Conventional metals (Pt, Au, etc.) have a large DOS in the electrochemical potential... 

Double-layer properties in aqueous, propylene carbonate and formamide solutions have been studied at room temperature for liquid Ga-Pb alloy (0.06 atom % of Pb) [15], as a model of Pb electrode with renewable surface. The electrode behaves as an ideally polarizable electrode in a wide potential range, and its capacitance is intermediate between that of Ga and Hg electrodes and is independent of the solvent. This electrode is much less lipophilic than Ga. Adsorption of anions on this electrode increases in the sequence -BP4 = S042 < Gl < Br < r. 

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