Carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide

Natural waters may be contaminated with carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide from wastewaters from the chemical industry and more frequently by hydrogen sulphide formed during the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. 

More data are available about hydrogen sulphide toxicity. According to a majority of authors, hydrogen sulphide was not harmful in concentrations of 1 to 2 mg 1, however, fish species having higher requirements for water purity (such as trout) only tolerated concentrations of 0.3 to 0.5 mg 1 .  

Bacteria were most resistant to the effects of carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide. In the case of carbon disulphide, the metabolism of bacteria remained unaffected even at a concentration of 2000 mg 1. In the case of hydrogen sulphide, at a concentration of 2300 mg 1 , the multiplication of bacteria was normal, however, the rate of growth was inhibited in comparison with a control [13]. 

The presence of carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide is of course readily detected by their unpleasant smell at concentrations which are well below toxic concentrations. Water containing carbon disulphide as well as hydrogen sulphide irritates the skin, and both compounds may be absorbed through the skin [14]. 

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Bariliak IR, Vasiljeva IA, Kalinovshaja LP. 1975. [Effects of small concentrations of carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide on the intrauterine development of rats], Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol 68(5) 77-81. (Russian)... 

Berthelot s Synthesis.— When carbon disulphide and hydrogen sulphide are passed together over heated copper or iron, methane is formed according to the following reaction ... 

Leek and Bagander [342] determined reduced sulphur compounds (hydrogen sulphide, methyl mercaptan, carbon disulphide and dimethyl sulphide) in seawater by gas chromatography using flame detection. Detection limits ranged from 0.2ng L 1 for carbon disulphide to 0.6ng L 1 for methyl mercaptan. Hydrogen sulphide was determined at the... 

From carbon disulphide and hydrogen Hydrogen sulphide and carbon monosulphide ... 

In a 1 litre round-bottomed flask provided with an efficient double surface condenser, place 40 g. (39 ml.) of aniline, 50 g. (40 ml.) of carbon sulphide CAUTION inflammable) (1), and 50 g. (63-5 ml.) of absolute ethyl alcohol (2). Set up the apparatus in the fume cupboard or attach an absorption device to the top of the condenser (see Fig. 11, 8, 1) to absorb the hydrogen sulphide which is evolved. Heat upon an electrically-heated water bath or upon a steam bath for 8 hours or until the contents of the flask sohdify. When the reaction is complete, arrange the condenser for downward distillation (Fig. 11, 13, 3), and remove the excess of carbon disulphide and alcohol (CA UTION inflammable there must be no flame near the receiver). Shake the residue in the flask with excess of dilute hydrochloric acid (1 10) to remove any aniline present, filter at the pump, wash with water, and drain well. Dry in the steam oven. The yield of crude product, which is quite satisfactory for the preparation of phenyl iao-thiocyanute (Section IV.95), is 40-45 g. Recrystalhse the crude thiocarbanihde by dissolving it, under reflux, in boiling rectified spirit (filter through a hot water funnel if the solution is not clear), and add hot water until the solution just becomes cloudy and allow to cool. Pure sj/m.-diphenylthiourea separates in colourless needles, m.p, 154°,... 

When a concentrated solution of ferric chloride is rapidly mixed with fifty to one hundred times its volume of aqueous hydrogen sulphide solution the liquid assumes a transient blue colour, sulphur subsequently precipitating in the ordinary yellowish-white form.2 Sulphur with a blue coloration is also obtained in the interaction of carbon disulphide and sulphur chloride, for the preparation of carbon tetrachloride, under the catalytic influence of ferric chloride,... 

Carbon disulphide vapour mixed with hydrogen and directed on to heated platinum reacts to form carbon and hydrogen sulphide.11 Carbon disulphide inflames in the cold in contact with fluorine, and under varying conditions it reacts with chlorine, bromine and iodine. 

No dithiocarbonate is formed, nor in freshly prepared solutions are polysulphides or thiosulphates present. With oxidising agents such as hydrogen peroxide or chlorine, the red solution yields sulphates, whilst salts of the heavy metals give coloured precipitates which are unstable when moist, decomposing to carbon disulphide and the metal sulphide. 

Many other methods of preparation have been employed. For example, the triiodide is formed when arsenious oxide,5 or a mixture of this oxide with sulphur,6 is heated in iodine vapour or when arsenious oxide is heated with iodine,7 hydriodic acid,8 a mixture of potassium iodide and acetic acid,9 or a mixture of potassium iodide and potassium hydrogen sulphate.10 When arsenic disulphide and iodine, in the proportions 1 As Ss 3la, are heated together, arsenic triiodide is formed.11 When arsenic trisulphide is fused with an excess of iodine, the product is soluble in carbon disulphide and the solution on evaporation deposits arsenic triiodide, then a sulphiodide and finally sulphur with excess of sulphide the product is the sulphiodide, AsS2I. If a solution of iodine in carbon disulphide is added to arsenic di- or tri-sulphide, the triiodide and sulphur are formed. The triiodide is also produced when a mixture of the trisulphide and mercuric iodide is heated 12. when hydriodic... 

Staszewski, R., Pompowski, T., Janak, J. Analysis of a mixture of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbonyl sulphide, carbon disulphide and sulphur dioxide by gas-liquid chromatography. Chem. Anal. 8, 897 (1963). — Chem. Abstr. 60, 15141 (1964). 

These compounds are soluble in carbon disulphide, from which they may be obtained as orange or yellow crystals. They are only slightly soluble in other organic solvents such as benzene, chloroform, etc. They can be burnt in air, giving oxides of phosphorus, sulphur and iodine. They are decomposed by warm water or moist air, giving first phosphoric and hydriodie acids, then phosphoric acid and hydrogen sulphide.4... 

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