Carbon ceramic electrodes preparation

Zheng J, Sheng Q, Li L, Shen Y (2007) Bismuth hexacyanoferrate-modified carbon ceramic electrodes prepared by electrochemical deposition and its electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of hydrazine. J Electroanal Chem 611 155-166... 

Salimi A, Abdi K (2004) Enhancement of the analytical properties and catalytic activity of a nickel hexacyanoferrate modified carbon ceramic electrode prepared by two-step solgel technique application to amperometric detection of hydrazine and hydroxyl amine. Talanta 63 475-483... 

Sampath S., Pankratov L, Gun J., Lev O. Sol-Gel derived ceramic-carbon enzyme electrodes glncose oxidese as a test case. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 1996 7 123-128 Santos L.R.B., Belin S., Briois V., Santilli C.V., Pulcinelli S.H., Larbot A. Study of structural surface modified tin oxide membrane prepared by sol-gel route sintered at 400°C. J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 2003 26 171-175... 

Carbon-ceramic composite electrodes (CCEs) and the closely related metal-sihcate electrodes are comprised of carbon or metal dispersion in sol-gel derived silicates or Or-mocers. In this construction the silicate serves as a porous binder for the conductive dispersion. The conductive component is added as powders, nanoparticles, or nanotubes whose particle size ranges between sub-millimeter and a few nanometers. The initial intention was to provide improved conductivity by the interconnected conductive powder, but soon, other favorable attributes of the metal-sihcate hybrids were discovered, including improved catalytic reactivity, biological compatibility, and control of the thickness of the wetted section of the electrodes in aqueous electrolyte. Since the metal silicate and graphite silicate call for different preparation protocols they are addressed separately. 

Nickel oxide is used in the ceramic industry for making frit, ferrites, and coloring porcelain. The oxide in sinter form is used in the production of nickel-steel alloys. It supplies oxygen to the melt for removal of carbon as carbon dioxide. Some other important uses of nickel oxide include preparation of many nickel salts, specialty chemicals, and nickel catalysts. It also is used as an electrode in fuel cells. 

Okamoto A, Suzuki Y, Yoshitake M, Ogawa S, Nakano N (1997) Gold-carbon composite thin films for electrochemical gas sensor prepared by reactive plasma sputtering. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 121 179-183 Polsky R, Gill R, Kaganovsky L, WiUner I (2006) Nucleic acid-functionalized Pt nanoparticles catalytic labels for the amplified elecfrochemical defecfion of biomolecules. Anal Chem 78 2268-2271 Rabinovich L, Lev O (2001) Sol-gel derived composite ceramic carbon electrodes. Electroanalysis 13(4) 265-275 Rabinovich L, Gun J, Tsionsky M, Lev O (1997) Euel-ceU type ceramic-carbon oxygen sensors. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 8 1077-1081... 

Rabinovich L, Lev O, Tsirlina GA (1999) Electrochemical characterization of Pd modified ceramic vertical bar carbon electrodes partially flooded versus wetted channel hydrophobic gas electrodes. J Llectroanal Chem 466(l) 45-59 Rog G, Kielski A, Kozlowska-Rog A, Bucko M (1998) Composite (CaFj-AljOj) solid electrolytes-preparation, properties and application to the solid oxide galvanic cells. Ceram Int 24 91-98 Roh S-W, Stetter JR (2003) Amperometric sensing of NOx with cyclic voltammetry. J Electrochem Soc 150(11) H266-H272... 

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