Carbon atmospheric concentration trend

Seasonal and interannual trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations reported as mole fraction in dry air. (a) Monthly mean values at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii. Data are also presented as 6-month running average to eliminate the seasonal effects and (b) three-dimensional representation of latitudinal distributions of monthly mean values. Source After P. Tans and T. Conway, NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division (www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends). (See companion website for color version.)... 

Data on atmospheric concentrations and trends in atmospheric C02 and a variety of other trace gases U.S. Department of Energy Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC) http // cdiac.esd.ornI.gov/cdiac... 

Trends in atmospheric concentrations and anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide. (From Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, http //cdiac. 

FIGURE 2.8 Past perspectives and present trends of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations at the Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, compared with the recent periods of high solar flux and ocean warming intervals. (Assembled from the data of Lepkowski [61], Kerr [62], and the extrapolated carbon dioxide concentration data of Keeling et al. [63].)... 

Figure 1.1 shows the increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since the start of fossil fuel use. During the summer in the northern hemisphere, the carbon dioxide concentration decreases because of plant photosynthesis. The decrease is in the range of 5 to 15 parts per million. In the fall, this carbon dioxide is largely returned to the atmosphere. The figure shows the average for the year. Values beyond the year 2000 are projected as a simple continuation of current trends. The Kyoto Treaty line will be addressed later in this chapter. 

Fig. 7.3 Trends in inorganic carbon concentrations between 1989 and 2001. Above, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations as measured at the Manoa Loa observatory. Data courtesy of the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, http //cdiac.ornl.gov/ndps/ndp001.html. Below mixed layer (0-50 m Karl Lukas, 1996) DIC concentrations, normalized to a salinity of 35 per mil, at station ALOHA. Data courtesy of D.M. Karl, The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT), http //hahana.soest.hawaii.edu (Karl etal., 2001b).

FIGURE 17.17 Yearly variation of carbon dioxide concentration at Manna Loa, Hawaii. The general trend clearly points to an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This trend has continued in 1994 the CO2 concentration reached 380 ppm. 

According to the best recent estimates (ESCAP, 2000), a doubling of carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere will probably result in a sea level rise of about 30-60 cm, with a most likely rise of 45 cm. If present trends continue, this may be the situation by 2070. The threat that this presents to the low plain regions of the Asian nations is very substantial. Here we would like to illustrate the impact that sea level rise could have on Bangladesh. 

The 11-15 year Kyoto targets are clearly inadequate to make any dent in future atmospheric concentrations, which is the crucial measure of danger to climate. Even if the protocol were fully implemented, it would only serve to delay by less than a decade the date in the next century at which global carbon dioxide concentrations, under current emissions trends projected by IPCC, would cross the 550 parts per million (ppm) mark that represents a doubling of preindustrial concentrations... 

Atmospheric CO2 The atmosphere s water content is controlled by the water cycle (evaporation and precipitation), and the average has remained constant over the years. However, as fossil fuels have been used more extensively, the carbon dioxide concentration has increased—up about 20% from 1880 to the present. Projections indicate that the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere may be double in the twenty-first century what it was in 1880. This trend could increase the earth s average temperature by as much as 10 °C, causing dramatic changes in climate and greatly affecting the growth of food crops. 

It is estimated that natural mechanisms remove 10 hillion tons of carbon dioxide per year from our atmosphere. Thus, at present levels of fossil fuel comhustion, we put about 25 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere each year. Natural mechanisms remove only 10 hillion tons, so we are producing a net increase of about 15 billion tons of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere each year That explains the trend in carbon dioxide concentrations. The carbon dioxide concentration is increasing and we are almost certainly responsible for that increase. 

Geographical and Seasonal Variation in Solar Radiation Infrared Absorption by the Earth s Atmosphere Atmospheric Concentration of Carbon Dioxide, 1958-2000 Mean Temperatures in the United States, 1900-1992 Global Temperature Trend, 1856-2000 Atmospheric Electricity Speed of Sound in Various Media... 

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