Carbohydrates production

Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates (240—244) of any form are easily sulfated in the presence of solvent, using sulfating reagents such as SO —pyridine, SO —triethjlamine, SO.—trimethyl amine, or chlorosulfonic acid—pyridine. As an example, starch (qv) is sulfated using SO.—trimethyl amine at 0 to 5°C in aqueous media (16). Sulfated carbohydrate products find some use in industry as thickening agents. 

That is, in the process of photosynthesis, the two oxygen atoms in O2 come from two H2O molecules. One O is lost from CO2 and. appears in H2O, and the other O of CO2 is retained in the carbohydrate product. Two of the four H atoms are accounted for in (CH2O), and two reduce the O lost from CO2 to H2O. 

Sulfated alkenes, 23 538 Sulfated carbohydrate products, 23 538 Sulfated cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase, 6 87 Sulfated fatty acids, 23 538 Sulfated fatty alcohol ethoxylates, 23 537 Sulfated fatty oils, 23 538 Sulfated products... 

Protein, peptide, and/or carbohydrate products produced by cell culture (other than antibiotics and hormones)... 

In order to gain some information about the fundamentals of the hydrothermal carbonization process, the hydrothermal carbonization of different carbohydrates and carbohydrate products was examined [12, 13]. For instance, hydrothermal carbons synthesized from diverse biomass (glucose, xylose, maltose, sucrose, amylopectin, starch) and biomass derivatives (HMF and furfural) were treated under hydrothermal conditions at 180 °C and were analyzed with respect to their chemical and morphological structures by SEM,13 C solid-state NMR and elemental analysis. This was combined with GC-MS experiments on residual liquor solutions to analyze side products... 

Starch granule temporarily stores carbohydrate products of photosynthesis... 

High-fructose com syrups dominate the carbohydrate-sweetened soft drinks sector in some markets - notably in the United States. However, in other markets, for example, Europe, the use of high-fructose glucose syrups (HFGS) is restricted by production quotas, and a variety of carbohydrate products including sucrose, glucose syrups, fructose and fructose syrups are used. 

Sugars. According to The Condensed Chemical Dictionary (Ref 7), .. . a carbohydrate. . . product of photosynthesis comprised of one, two, or more saccharose groups. .. (see below)... 

Automated carbohydrate synthesis allows for the production of complex carbohydrates orders of magnitude faster than other approaches. This advance has the potential to parallel the breakthroughs achieved by researchers in the peptide and DNA fields that opened up the pro-teomic and genomic eras in biotechnology. By increasing the scope of the carbohydrate building block library and streamlining the reaction conditions further we anticipate that automated solid-phase carbohydrate synthesis will become the method of choice for carbohydrate production. 

If Reaction (2) occurred at each acetyl group of III before Reaction (1) proceeded, then eight moles of aluminum chloride would be required, plus an additional amount to promote Reaction (1). Acetophenone should be isolable from the benzene layer, and the carbohydrate product, having undergone deacetylation, would be found in the water layer. Actually, Reaction (1) was realized in the presence of only five moles of catalyst, showing that Reactions (1) and (2) occur simultaneously. 

Attempts to employ naphthalene as the aromatic component led to no identifiable carbohydrate product, although methyl 1-naphthyl ketone was obtained by acylation of the naphthalene with the ester functions of III. 

Reaction (3), one of acylation, explains the formation of acetophenone and a stereochemically intact carbohydrate product. Reaction (4),... 

Van Oijen T, Veldhuis MJW, Gorbunov MY, Nishioka J, Van Leeuwe MA, De Baar HJW (2005) Enhanced carbohydrate production by Southern Ocean phytoplankton in response to in-situ iron fertilisation. Mar Chem 93 33-52... 

Oxidation of carbohydrates production of phenol by irradiation of a mixture of 10 -10 ... 

According to the reaction scheme given in Fig. 26, the anaerobic oxidation of l-glycerol 3-phosphate was performed under the conditions of an indirect electrochemical process using a water-soluble ferrocene derivative as mediator in the presence of o-fruc-tose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase from rabbit muscle for the in situ generation of the carbohydrate product. With a mediator concentration fo 1.5 mM using about 80 U of immobilized enzyme, after 25 h a 75% turnover of the substrate L-glycerol phosphate... 

The USP 28 describes pectin as a purified carbohydrate product obtained from the dilute acid extract of the inner portion of the rind of citrus fruits or from apple pomace. It consists chiefly of partially methoxylated polygalacturonic acids. 

After digestion of a piece of cake that contains flour, milk, and sucrose as its primary ingredients, the major carbohydrate products entering the blood are... 

The most outstanding characteristic of tamarind is its sweet acidic taste, the acid due to mostly tartaric acid. The latter is synthesised in tamarind leaves in the light and translocated to the flowers and fruits (Lewis et aL, 1961 and Patnaik, 1974, both cited in (3)). Tartaric is an unusual plant acid formed from the primary carbohydrate products of photosynthesis, and once formed, it is not metabolically used by the plant (3). The content of tartaric acid does not... 

Enteral formulas (e.g., Pulmocare, NutriVent, and Respalor) marketed for use specifically by patients with pulmonary disease are also available. In comparison with standard formulas, these products contain a higher percentage of nonprotein calories as fat (>50%). Several studies have evaluated the use of these high-fat/low-carbohydrate products in patients with COPD and acute respiratory failure, and general results have been favorable." These speciahzed pulmonary EN products are calorically dense (1.5 kcal/mL), which may be helpful in feeding patients with severe ARDS or pulmonary edema and in others who may require fluid restriction. 

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