Carbohydrates examples

A 9-year-old boy with autism and overactivity was unresponsive to several drugs. Risperidone 0.5 mg bd was effective, reducing his Aberrant Behavior Checklist score from 103 to 57 by the end of the first week. Four weeks later his weight had risen from 34.6 to 37 kg. This rate of weight gain (0.6 kg/week) continued over the next 12 weeks. His weight was then contained by the use of the Zone diet, with an emphasis on slowly absorbed carbohydrates (examples include apples,... 

A variety of weak liquid crystalline media have been used to align carbohydrates. Examples include Pfl phage,147-150 filamentous bacteriophage fd,151 C12E5/ -hexanol,77,152-154 C8E5/ -octanol,155 cetylpyridinium bromide / -hexanol /NaCl,73,156-158 DMPC/DHPC (dimyristoyl-phosphatidyl choline / dihexanoyl-... 

A review of the preparation, structures, and stereochemistry of cyclic acetals of the aldoses and aldosides has appeared. Pyridinium toluene-p-sulphonate has been reported to be a mild catalyst for the formation and cleavage of dioxolane-type acetals, although no carbohydrate examples were quoted. Acetals and ketals of carbohydrates have been used as co-agents to introduce chirality into the products of sodium borohydride reduction of acetophenone, propiophenone, etc ... 

In situ reactions of hydroxylic compounds with trichloroacetylisocyanate have been studied by H n.m.r. Although no carbohydrate examples were given, the reaction, which can be carried out in the n.m.r. tube, has obvious application in this area since it causes shifts in the 0 -protons. ... 

The displacement of primary iodides in some carbohydrate derivatives by lithiated 2-trimethylsilyl-l,3-dithiane followed by hydrolysis of the dithioacetal has allowed the synthesis of some acylsilanes (e.g. 21 from 20), and a review on the oxidation of the carbon-silicon bond has included a number of carbohydrate examples. ... 

DJmethylboron bromide and dlphenylboron bromide cleave acetals carbohydrate examples are illustrated In Scheme 15a,b. ... 

A review of phosphates and phosphonates of biochemical interest includes some carbohydrate examples. A theoretical study has been carried out to determine the anomeric effect of phosphate groups (see also Chapter 21). Enzymic syntheses of sugar phosj hates are included in a review of enzymes in organic chemistry. 

In a paper describing the merits of the odourless, stable, available selenylating reagent JN-phenylselenophthalimide the two carbohydrate examples shown in Scheme 3 were given. 

A review of hydrogenolysis of oiganic halides, including some carbohydrate examples, has appeared 7 A detailed study of the solvolysis of anomeric gluco-pyranosyl fluorides in ethanol and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol has been carried out ... 

Sugar azides can be reduced directly to the corresponding acetamido-sugars with a mixture of thiolacetic acid and its potassium salt. A heterogenized homogeneous catalyst, interlamellar montmorillonite diphenylphosphine palladium(II), has been reported (two carbohydrate examples) to reduce azides selectively to amines without affecting benzyl ether or alkene moieties. ... 

A number of carbohydrate examples feature in a review on "stereocontrolled cyclofunctionalization of double bonds through heterocyclic intermediates." ... 

By use of DBU in benzene, acetates were cleaved in the presence of benzoates on a variety of substrates including three carbohydrate examples, one of which is shown in Scheme 4. Benzc l migration during the Purdie methylation (Mel, Ag20) of 2,5-di-Q-benz< l-Lrrhamnono-l,4-lactone is referred to in Chapter S. 

In a study of the sequential use of 2-deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolase and fructose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase for the synthesis of hept-2-ulose derivatives some brominated and chlorinated substrates were successfully employed. - A review on enzymatic oxidoreductions in organic synthesis features a munber of halogenated carbohydrate examples. ... 

An extensive review on the preparation of biologically active organofluorine compounds has included a useful review of carbohydrate examples. A review of the synthesis of a number of... 

Two new reagents have been developed for reducing azides to amines, and applied to some carbohydrate examples. One ([Et NH][Sn(SPh) ]) is the fastest reducing agent for azides yet... 

Oxirans. - Treatment of methyl 4,6-0-benzylidene-a-D-glucopyranoside with a mixture of diethyl carbonate and potassium carbonate in DMF has afforded directly a new simple synthesis of methyl 2,3-anhydro-4,6-0-benzylidene-a-D-allopyranoside. The corresponding 2,3-cyclic carbonate is postulated as an intomediate. Some carbohydrate examples have been published of the use of sodium hydride and p-toluenesulfonyl chloride for the conversion of 1,2-diols to epoxides. Simple routes to the Cemy epoxides 6 and 7 finom D-glucal have been develc red (Scheme 1). In this scheme the flrst step involves a dehydration elimination with allylic rearrangement Syntheses of methyl 2,3-anhydro-a- and L-OTthiofuranoside have been reported. Some nitro-sugar epoxides are mentioned in Chapter 10. 

The phospht lation of alditols, oligosaccharides, and glycoproteins by use of sodium phosphate in anhydrous media has been described, and a papct on the direct esterification of a dialkyl phoqthate with organic halides in the presence of silver oxide included a number of carbohydrate examples, such as the formation of peracetylated -D-galactosyl phosphate from a-acetobromogalactose. Chl(MO-W, -diisopropylaminoalkoxyphoq)hines [ROP(Cl)N(i-Pr)2J in P3mdine... 

---