Capillary matting

A basic system that can be used in a greenhouse—or for houseplants, when you go on vacation—is to sit the pots on capillary matting, which is then draped into a reservoir of water at one end. Water is drawn along the mat by capillary action to the soil in the pots in effect, the plants take what they need. 

Durable products include geotextiles, for example, to stabilize earth works, roads, landscaping, etc. In agriculture, nonwovens are used as protective or capillary mats, shading, and windbreaks. 

For the isolation of constituents by argentation chromatography, a modified capillary mat system was used 8). For biosynthetic studies, seeds were grown in Petri dishes (9). 

Due to bypass, a single bank of sprays might achieve 60 per cent saturation and a capillary washer (one where the air passes through a wetted mat) might achieve 95 per cent. 

The highest mechanical strengths are usually obtained when the fibre is used in fine fabric form but for many purposes the fibres may be used in mat form, particularly glass fibre. The chemical properties of the laminates are largely determined by the nature of the polymer but capillary attraction along the fibre-resin interface can occur when some of these interfaces are exposed at a laminate surface. In such circumstances the resistance of both reinforcement and matrix must be considered when assessing the suitability of a laminate for use in chemical plant. Glass fibres are most commonly used for chemical plant, in conjunction with phenolic resins, and the latter with furane, epoxide and, sometimes, polyester resins. 

The small pore size and the uniform distribution result in capillary forces which should allow wicking heights and thus battery heights of up to 30 cm. Due to the cavities required for gas transfer and under the effect of gravity, the electrolyte forms a filling profile, i.e., fewer cavities remain at the bottom than at the top. Therefore with absorptive glass mats a rather flat battery... 

CALENDER, 144 194 CALIBRATION, 94 377 CAPILLARY DIE, 172 CAPILLARY FLOW, 443 CAPILLARY RHEOMETRY, 252 CAR MAT, 451 CARBON, 316... 

Unless otherwise directed, place a 5.0-g sample and 30 mL of water in a 125-mL Pyrex distillation flask having a side arm and trap. The flask is connected with a condenser and carries a thermometer and a capillary tube, both of which must extend into the liquid. Slowly add, with continuous stirring, 10 mL of 70% perchloric acid, and then add 2 or 3 drops of a 1 2 solution of silver nitrate and a few glass beads. Connect a small dropping funnel or a steam generator to the capillary tube. Support the flask on a flame-resistant mat or shielding board, with a hole that exposes about one-third of the flask to the low, clean flame of a Bunsen burner. 

Quantification. Gas Chromatography (Capillary Column). In plasma sensitivity 500pg/ml, LCD—M. Guerret, /. Chro-mat., 1980, 227 Biomed. AppL, 10, 387-392. 

Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectral (GC-MS) Analyses. Several different studies were carried out. The main study was done using a Finnigan MAT 4500 series quadrupole mass spectrometer and a 60 m X 0.32 mm l.d. DB-1 bonded fused silica capillary GLC column. The column was programmed from 25-250°C at 4° per minute with an inlet pressure of 14 psi. Chemical ionization (Cl) mass spectra on some of the components were also obtained using a VG Micromass 70/70 mass spectrometer with Isobutane as the reactant gas. 

Two types of commercial TSP vaporizers were used, i.e., the capillary vaporizers developed by Vestal and coworkers [64-65] and commercially available from Vestec, and the flexible capillary vaporizers introduced by Fiimigan MAT [66]. Problems with clogging of the Vestec type vaporizers were reported frequently. Replacement of the complete vaporizer is the final but expensive solution to clogging. With the Fiimigan MAT type of vaporizer, the tip must be slightly squeezed to ensure the formation of a sufficiently stable liquid jet at a particular flow-rate, which inevitably leads to poor reproducibility between vaporizers. 

A modified API source for a quadrapole MS was deseribed by the group of Chait [18]. The system is based on the Perm souree design. The main differenee is that the transport and desolvation of the ion-solvent elusters is affeeted by means of a heated 203x0.5-mm-lD stainless-steel transfer capillary. Frrrther desolvation is achieved by means of collision activation in the low-presstrre region (ca. 150 Pa) between the capillary exit and the skimmer. The vacuum system is a three-stage vacuum system. This system was commercialized by Finnigan MAT (nowadays Thermo Firmigan). 

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