Capillary electrophoresis with polymer analysis

B.L. Karger, F. Foret and J. Berka, Chapter 13 Capillary electrophoresis with polymer matrices in Methods in Enzymology, Vol 271 High resolution separation and analysis of biological macromolecules Part B Applications., B.L. Karger and W. S. Hancock (Editors) 271 (1996) 293. 

Kaiger, B.L., Foret, F., and Berka, J., Capillary electrophoresis with polymer matrices DNA and protein separation and analysis. Methods Enzyntol., 271, 293, 1996. 

Weber, G., Johnck, M., Siepe, D., Neyer, A., Hergenroder, R., Capillary electrophoresis with direct and contactless conductivity detection on a polymer microchip. Micro Total Analysis Systems, Proceedings of the 4th pTAS1 Symposium, Enschede, Netherlands, May 14-18, 2000, 383-386. 

Giovannoli, C., Anfossi, L., Tozzi C., Giraudi, G, and Vanni, A. DNA separation by capillary electrophoresis with hydrophilic substituted celluloses as coating and sieving polymers. Apphcation to the analysis of genetically modified meals, J. Sep. ScL, 27, 1551, 2004. 

Tsukagoshi, K., Shikata, Y., Nakajima, R., Murata, M., and Maeda, M., Analysis of a biopolymer by capillary electrophoresis with a chemiluminescence detector using a polymer solution as the separation medium. Ana/. ScL, 18,1195, 2002. 

Tseng, W.-L. Chang, H.-T. On-hne concentration and separation of proteins by capillary electrophoresis using polymer solutions. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72 (20), 4805-4811. Lee, I.H. Pinto, D. Arriaga, E.A. Zhang, Z. Dovichi, N.J. Picomolar analysis of proteins using electrophoreti-cally mediated microanalysis and capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Anal. Chem. 1998, 70 (21), 4546-4548. 

In the previously described electrophoretic methods, the capillary was filled with electrolytes only. Another mode of operation in capillary electrophoresis involves filling the capillary with gel or viscous polymer solutions. If desired, a column can be packed with particles and equipped with a frit.68 This mode of analysis has been favorably used for the size determination of biologically important polymers, such as DNA, proteins, and polysaccharides. The most frequently used polymers in capillary gel electrophoresis are cross-linked or linear polyacrylamide,69 cellulose derivatives,70-75 agarose,76 78 and polyethylene glycols. 

Capillary SDS-gel electrophoresis is a rapid automated separation and characterization technique for protein molecules and is contemplated as a modern instrumental approach to sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Size separation of SDS-protein complexes can be readily attained in coated capillaries filled with cross-linked gels or non-cross-linked polymer networks. Figure 9 depicts one of the early applications of the technique for the analysis of a standard protein test mixture ranging in size from 14.2 to 205 kDa. 

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