Capillary continuous-flow organic

Comer, E. and Organ, M.G. (2005). A Microreactor for Microwave-Assisted Capillary (Continuous Flow) Organic Synthesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127, 8160-8167. 

Microwave-assisted Capillary Continuous-Flow Organic Synthesis... 

The equipment for microwave-assisted capillary continuous-flow organic synthesis described previously remains for the moment confined to a research laboratory prototype, but it is not hard to imagine that one day it will enter the market. 

Shore, G. and Morin, S. and Organ, M.G. (2006). Catalysis in Capillaries by Pd Thin Films Using Microwave-Assisted Continuous-Flow Organic Synthesis (MACOS). Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 45, 2761-2766. 

Figure 2.16 Clirotnatograms of a pentane extract of a water sample containing 200 ppb of a naphtha fraction (a) sample extracted by using a continuous flow system, where a pressurized bottle was employed as the sample-delivery system (b) batch-extracted sample. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, A 330, J. Roeraade, Automated monitoring of organic Race components in water. I. Continuous flow exti action together with on-line capillary gas cliro-matography , pp. 263 - 274, copyrigth 1985, with permission from Elsevier Science.

J. Roeraade, Automated monitoring of organic trace components in water. I. Continuous flow extraction together with on-line capillary gas cliromatography , 7. Chromatogr. 330 263-274 (1985). 

Lob P, Hessel V, Krtschil U, Lowe H (2006a) Continuous micro-reactor rigs with capillary sections in organic synthesis—generic process flow sheets, practical experience, and novel chemistry . Chimica Oggi Chem Today 24 46-50... 

Some coupled systems allow measurement of the main N and P forms (nitrate, ammonia and orthophosphates) [22,27,29], among which is a system based on membrane technology in combination with semi-micro continuous-flow analysis (pCFA) with classical colorimetry. With the same principle (classical colorimetry), another system [30] proposes the measurement of phosphate, iron and sulphate by flow-injection analysis (FIA). These systems are derived from laboratory procedures, as in a recent work [31] where capillary electrophoresis (CE) was used for the separation of inorganic and organic ions from waters in a pulp and paper process. Chloride, thiosulphate, sulphate, oxalate,... 

The sample is usually dissolved in a mixture of water and organic solvent, commonly methanol, isopropanol, or acetonitrile. It can be directly infused, or injected into a continuous flow of this mixture, or be contained in the effluent of an HPLC column or CE capillary. First introduced in late 1980s, MALDI is a soft ionization technique that allows the analysis of intact molecules of high masses. It allows determination of the molecular mass of macromolecules such as peptides and proteins more than 300 kDa in size. 

The aqueous solution flows from the jet nozzle to a receiving capillary with no overflow into the outer stream, resulting in short contact times of around 0.05 s. Analysis is implemented by flowing the outer organic phase continually through a closed loop and monitoring concentration changes spectrophotometrically. The apparatus used by Freeman and Tavlarides employed capillaries with internal diameters of 2 mm, and the... 

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