Candida utilis acetate

Fig. 2. Pathway of ethanol utilization and ethyl acetate or acetaldehyde production by Candida utilis TCA cycle activity inhibited under ircn-limited conditions. Acetyl-CoA synthetase forward inhibited by acetaldehyde accumulated when elevated levels cf ethanol ( 3.5J w/v) present in the medium.

Ethyl acetate Ethanol Candida utilis Ethereal-fruity... 

Armstrong, D.W Selective Production of Ethyl Acetate by Candida utilis. ACS Symp. Ser. 317. 254-265 (1986)... 

Selective Production of Ethyl Acetate by Candida utilis... 

Figure 5. Effect of selective inhibitors on product accumulation (24 h) by Candida utilis. Ethyl acetate ( ), acetaldehyde (H), acetic acid (O).

Figure 6. Change in product distribution at different levels of ethanol by Candida utilis. Ethanol (A), ethyl acetate (x), acetaldehyde ( ), acetic acid (T). (Reproduced with permission from Ref. 22. Copyright 1984, Science and Technology Letters.)...

The excellent paper by Armstrong shows that ethyl acetate, an important fruit aroma compound, can be produced by the yeast Candida utilis. He was able to increase production of ethyl acetate by manipulation of the carbohydrate source and regulation of iron levels in the media. 

The enzyme Candida utilis 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase with carbon-13 enriched to 90 atom% has been obtained by growing the yeast with Relabelled acetic acid as the sole carbon source [186]. Carbon-13 composition had very little, if any, effect on the catalytic properties of the enzyme. Sodium [ RC]lactate has been used to study the conversion of lactate to liver glycogen in the rat. Lactate labelled with C at position 2 and C at position 3 was also used. Carbon-13 was measured by mass spectrometry [187]. Similar experiments were carried out with RC-labelled propionate and C- and C-labelled propionate [188]. 

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