Candida antarctica rugosa

We initially tested Candida antarctica lipase using imidazolium salt as solvent because CAL was found to be the best enzyme to resolve our model substrate 5-phenyl-l-penten-3-ol (la) the acylation rate was strongly dependent on the anionic part of the solvents. The best results were recorded when [bmim][BF4] was employed as the solvent, and the reaction rate was nearly equal to that of the reference reaction in diisopropyl ether. The second choice of solvent was [bmim][PFg]. On the contrary, a significant drop in the reaction rate was obtained when the reaction was carried out in TFA salt or OTf salt. From these results, we concluded that BF4 salt and PFg salt were suitable solvents for the present lipase-catalyzed reaction. Acylation of la was accomplished by these four enzymes Candida antarctica lipase, lipase QL from Alcaligenes, Lipase PS from Burkholderia cepacia and Candida rugosa lipase. In contrast, no reaction took place when PPL or PLE was used as catalyst in this solvent system. These results were established in March 2000 but we encountered a serious problem in that the results were significantly dependent on the lot of the ILs that we prepared ourselves. The problem was very serious because sometimes the reaction did not proceed at all. So we attempted to purify the ILs and established a very successful procedure (Fig. 3) the salt was first washed with a mixed solvent of hexane and ethyl acetate (2 1 or 4 1), treated with activated charcoal and passed into activated alumina neutral type I as an acetone solution. It was evaporated and dried under reduced... 

Michor et al. (1996b) Batch Transesterification of imenthol and icitronellol Lipases from Candida rugosa, Pseudomonas sp., Candida antarctica. Lipozyme IM, and esterase from Pseudomonas marginata... 

LIP Pseudomonas aeruginosa CRL Candida rugosa CAL Candida antarctica QL Alcaligenes sp. 

CAL (Novozym 435) Candida antarctica) QL Alcalgenes sp.) PS (Psedomonas cepacia Amano lipase PS) CRL Candida rugosa Meito lipase OF) PPL Porcine liver lipase (Sigma Type II). 

In addition, Itoh and coworkers have reported that acylation of the alcohol was accomplished by three types of enzymes Candida Antarctica lipase (CAL, Novozym 435), lipase QL Alcalgenes sp.), and lipase PS Pseudomonas cepacia). Scheme 10.5. The desired acetate showed extremely high enantioselectivity, but no reaction took place when lipase (CRL, Candida rugosa) or Procine liver lipase (PPL) was used as the catalyst in the ionic liquid (Table 10.3). 

It is generally stated that biocatalysis in organic solvents refers to those systems in which the enzymes are suspended (or, sometimes, dissolved) in neat organic solvents in the presence of enough aqueous buffer (less than 5%) to ensure enzymatic activity. However, in the case of hydrolases water is also a substrate and it might be critical to find the water activity (a ) value to which the synthetic reaction (e.g. ester formation) can be optimized. Vahvety et al. [5] found that, in some cases, the activity of Candida rugosa lipase immobihzed on different supports showed the same activity profile versus o but a different absolute rate. With hpase from Burkholderia cepacia (lipase BC), previously known as lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia, and Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) it was found that the enzyme activity profile versus o and even more the specific activity were dependent on the way the enzyme was freeze dried or immobihzed [6, 7]. A comparison of the transesterification activity of different forms of hpase BC or CALB can be observed in Tables 5.1 and 5.2, respectively. 

The lipases most used until now are the commercially supplied pig pancreas lipase (PPL), Pseudomonas cepacia lipase (PCL) or P. Jluorescens lipase (PFL), Candida cylindracea (CCL) or C. rugosa lipase (CRL), Pseudomonas sp. lipase (PSL), increasingly Candida antarctica B lipase (CAL-B) and to a lesser extent further lipases mentioned in Tables 11.1-10 to 11.1-25, and cholesterol esterase (CE). CAL-B is a recombinant protein produced in AspergiUus oryzae accepting a broad range of substrates and conditions. A special group of hydrolases, which are considered as lipases, are the cholesterol esterases (CE), found in mammals and microorganisms1113. ... 

Table 11.1-11. Lipase-catalyzed enantiotopos-differentiating hydrolysis of prochiral cyclic diol dialkanoates in aqueous solution (CCL Candida cylindracea lipase, PFL Pseudomonas jiuorescens lipase, MML Mucor miehei lipase, CVL Chromobacterium viscosum lipase, PPL pig pancreas lipase, MJL Mucor javanicus lipase, RSL Rhizopus sp. lipase, PCL Pseudomonas cepacia lipase, CCL, Ceotricum candidum lipase, ANL Aspergillus niger lipase, FSPC Fusarium solani pisi cutinase, CRL Candida rugosa lipase, CAL-B Candida antarctica B lipase, LIP Pseudomonas sp. lipase-Toyobo, RDL Rhizopus delemar lipase, MSL Mucor sp. lipase, CAL Candida antarctica lipase, not specified).

In this work, MG and DG are produced through lipase-catalyzed glycerolysis of soybean oil in a batch reactor using Candida antarctica B, Thermomyces lanuginosus, Rhizomucor miehei, Candida rugosa, and Aspergillus niger lipases, in a solvent-free system. 

Unfortunately, X-ray structures are available only for a few enzymes, such as ot-chymotrypsin [116], subtilisin [181], and a number of lipases from Mucor spp. [9], Geotrichum candidum [332], Candida rugosa (formerly cylindracea) [333], Candida antarctica B [334], and Pseudomonas glumae [335] - while for a large number of synthetically useful enzymes such as pig liver esterase, relevant structural data are not available. 

Tsitsimpikou, C., H. Daflos, and F. N. Kolisis. 1997. Comparative Studies on the Sugar Esters Synthesis Catalysed by Candida Antarctica and Candida Rugosa Lipases in Hexane. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B Enzymatic 3 (1-4) 189-192. 

Lipase A Aspergillus niger lipase Lipase CA Candida antarctica lipase Lipase CR Candida rugosa lipase Lipase MM Mucor miehei lipase Lipase PC Pseudomonas cepacia lipase Lipase PF Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase PEG poly(ethylene glycol)... 

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