Cancer, overview

Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for muscle invasive and locally advanced bladder cancer has been assessed in a number of randomized studies. Most studies have been relatively small and therefore underpowered. More recently the larger INT 0080 trial from the United States and the MRC/FORTC study from Europe reported survival advantages for neoadjuvant MVAC and CMV but these differences did not quite reach statistical significance. A Cochrane Review (see Advanced Bladder Cancer Overview, 2004) concluded that cisplatin based neo-adjuvant chemotherapy provided a 5% 5-year survival benefit. 

Advanced Bladder Cancer Overview Collaboration. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive bladder cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004 CD005246. 

Zahm SH, Devesa SS. 1995. Childhood cancer Overview of incidence trends and environmental carcinogens. Environ Health Perspect Suppl 103 177-184. 

Bartsch H, O Neill IK, Schulte-Hermann R, eds. 1987. Relevance ofN-nitroso compounds to human cancer overview. InRel-evance of N-Nitroso Compounds for Human Cancer, 84 5-10. Lyon IARC Sci. Publ. 

For additional information, reference may be made to the volume by Life Extension Foundation (2003). It should also be mentioned that this volume has the following chapter or section titles Cancer Overview of Protocols Cancer Adjuvant Therapies Cancer Chemotherapy Cancer Clinics Offering Alternative Therapies and Cancer Gene Therapies, Stem Cells, Telomeres, and Cytokines. There are also chapters or sections titled Cancer Prevention Cancer Radiation Therapy ... 

Aitken A (2006) 14-3-3 Proteins a historic overview. Semin Cancer Biol 16 162-172... 

Aapro MS 5-HT3 receptor antagonists an overview of their present status and future potential in cancer therapy-induced emesis. Drugs 42 551-568, 1991... 

The above scientific information on rice bran phytochemicals indicates that a multitude of mechanisms are operating at the cellular level to bring about specific health effects. Several health benefits of rice bran appear to be the result of the synergistic function of the many phytochemicals, antioxidants, vitamins and minerals which operates through a specific immune response. Their role in the biochemical mechanisms at the cellular level which result in major health effects is shown in Fig. 17.1. A short overview summarizing the effect of the various phytochemicals on major health issues such as cancer, immune function, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, altered liver function and gastrointestinal and colon disease will be given below. 

Vanhoefer U, Harstrick A, Achter-rath W et al. Irinotecan in the treatment of colorectal cancer clinical overview. J Clin Oncol 2001 19 1501-1518. 

Archer, V.J., Oncology Overview, Selected Abstracts on Risk of Cancer from Exposure to Low Level Ionizing Radiation, PB84-922906, International Cancer Research Data Bank Program, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Salt Lake City, Utah, (August 1984) ... 

It is remarkable that most of the data collected from the available SERMs are unanimous in reproducing an estrogen agonistic profile in venous thrombogenesis. The vast clinical experience acquired with tamoxifen confirms an augmented risk for both deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. This increase, however, did not presuppose increased mortality in the overview of randomized trials of adjuvant tamoxifen for early breast cancer, where the one extra death per 5000 woman-years of tamoxifen attributed to pulmonary embolus was not statistically significant (Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group 1998). 

Early Breast Cancer Trialists Collaborative Group (1998) Tamoxifen for early breast cancer an overview of the randomised trials. Lancet 351 1451-1467... 

Tamoxifen has been widely used in the adjuvant treatment of invasive breast cancer associated to surgery and chemotherapy. It has been shown to be effective in preventing new contralateral tumors and local or peripheral recurrences (Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organization 1983 Cuzick and Baum 1985 Abe et al. 1998). The overview comprised 37,000 women from 55 randomized trials and included events occurring more than 5 years after randomization. The effects... 

Cuzick J, Powles T, Veronesi U et al. (2003) Overview of the main outcomes in breast-cancer prevention trials. Lancet 361(9354) 296-300... 

---