Cancer of the trachea

Cancers of the trachea, bronchus, and lung cause many deaths in both men and women in the Campania region. It is the leading cause of death for men and the third leading cause of death for women, after breast cancer. The map which report... 

The analysis included combined mortalities from cancers of the trachea,... 

CHRONIC HEALTH RISKS pneumoconiosis (dust in the lungs) emphysema bronchitis lesions of the respiratory and digestive systems increase in cancer of the lungs, kidney, trachea, bronchus, and prostrate severe dermatitis skin lesions disfiguring pigmentation of the skin conjunctivitis other skin disorders such as folliculitis, furunculosis, erythema, photosensitivity, melanosis, and warts EPA Group A classifiable as a human carcinogen. 

Yarita, T, Nettesheim, P. and Williams, M.L. (1978). Himor induction in the trachea of hamsters with N-nitroso-N-methylurea, Cancer Res. 38,1667. 

The maps of average concentrations for As and Cd (Fig. 16.2A and B) show the highest values in correspondence of ASL territories of Naples and Caserta provinces. Lead shows high values only in the Naples province, especially in correspondence with ASL NA1 territory where the highest values for the SMR-REG for the cancer of trachea, bronchus, and lung are registered, as well. The Pb present in the urban area of Naples has been related principally with pollution from vehicular traffic (Cicchella el al., 2005 De Vivo et al., 2006b). 

Reyders JBJ, Immel HR, Scherrenberg PM, et al. 1985. Respiratory tract tumors in hamsters after severe focal injury to the trachea and intratracheal instillation of benzo(a)pyrene. Cancer Lett 29 93-99. 

Wallace and coworkers presented updated results on 36 cancer patients treated with the Gianturco stent in 1994 (Carrasco et al. 1994). Stents were placed in the trachea and bronchi due to symptomatic incurable malignancies. Symptoms improved in 78% of the patients following stent insertion. The median survival was 1 month and 3 weeks. Patients who showed improvement after stenting had a median survival of 3 months compared with a median survival of 1 month for those who did not respond. 

Tan et al. (1996) reported on seven patients with unresectable cancer comprising the large airways, where they placed Wallstents in the trachea ( =3) and bronchi (n=ll). Patients showed improvement of their dyspnea after stent insertion. One patient died immediately after the procedure from cardiac arrest. The remaining patients died after a survival of up to 10 months. 

Madden and coworkers (2002) reported in their series of placement of an Ultraflex self-expanding stent out of a total of 25 patients one patient, who presented with an esophagotracheal flstula due to advanced esophageal cancer. A previously placed esophageal stent had migrated through the tracheal wall. A covered stent was placed in the trachea and sealed off the fistula immediately. The patient was alive 9 months after tracheal stent placement without signs of further respiratory infection. 

In 2008, direct healthcare costs in the United States related to COPD and asthma totaled US 53.7 billion [3], with COPD currently considered the third leading cause of death in the United States [4]. Lung cancers (along with trachea and bronchus cancers) caused 1.6 million deaths in 2012 [5]. In the United Kingdom, 835,000 people have a diagnosis of COPD, with a further estimated 2.2 million people have not yet had the diagnosis confirmed [5]. 

Moreover, synthetic tracheal scaffolds have been used to replace the trachea of patients in various clinical trials. In 2002 a tube made of polypropylene covered by a collagen sponge from porcine skin was used to repair the trachea of a 78-year-old woman with thyroid cancer. It was observed that the epithelialization has continued to cover the artificial material completely for 2 years without any complications [132]. 

Subglottic carcinoma is a very rare entity with an incidence of about 1.5% (ZiNREicH 2002). Nevertheless, this subtype of laryngeal cancer has the worst prognosis and is highly malignant. The carcinoma of the subglottic region tends to spread to the trachea or invade the... 

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