Canada Deuterium Uranium CANDU reactors

All over the world, 432 nuclear power reactors are under operation and more than 36 GW of electricity could be produced as of December 31, 2001. There are several types of reactors such as boiling water reactor (BWR), pressurized water reactor (PWR), Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU), and others. In these reactors, light water is normally used not only as a coolant, but also as a moderator. On the contrary, in CANDU reactors, heavy water is taken. It is widely known that the quality control of coolant water, the so-called water chemistry, is inevitably important for keeping the integrity of the plant. 

Most proposed MSR designs call for the use of enriched lithium-7 and/or beryllium such as in the 70.7%T ,iF-17%BeF2-12%ThF4-0.3%UF4 fuel salt of the 1970s MSBR program. This carrier salt is often termed FLiBe. The presence of either Li or Be leads to significant production of tritium, on par with production levels in heavy water reactors such as CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU). For example in the 1970s, the 1000 MWe MSBR projected 2420 curies per day (ORNL 4541,1971), 98.3% from lithium and beryllium, and the remainder of 0.4% from fluorine and 1.2% from ternary fissions. For comparison, CANDU operations typically experience a tritium release rate of less than 24 curies per day (CNSC INFO-0793,2009). 

CANada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) or Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor (PHWR) Canada, India 48 24 UO2 0.7U Heavy water/ heavy water Thermal... 

It isn t like a Canada Deuterium Uranium (CANDU) plant for example, which is quite different, or the gas-cooled reactors that the British developed. The French use a light-water reactor. However, their overall plant philosophy was ultimately based on getting the breeders going to close the fuel cycle. As you may recall, they had the demo Phoenix plant, and they were planning to build the one that was going to be the first of the actual units to do this, sort of make the whole thing work together. 

The technetium isotope of interest for nuclear fuel waste disposal is Tc. It is a pure 3-emitter (E = 0.293 MeV) with a half-life of 2.13x10 years. Its high fission yield of 6% accounts for the relatively high concentration 0.02% by weight) (1) in fuel discharged from a CANDU (CANada Deuterium Uranium) reactor (burnup 650 GJ/kg U). 

CANDU CANada Deuterium Uranium (type of nuclear reactor)... 

ABWR, advanced boiling water reactor CANDU CANada deuterium uranium PWR jn essurized wat reactor BWR, boiling water reactor, WER, water-water powerreactor(Russian abln eviation) ESBWR economic sinq>lified boiling water reactor. 

LWR. light water reactor PWR, pressurized water reactor BWR, boiling water reacts CANDU, Canada deuterium uranium reactor HTR, high-tenq>erature reactOT LMFR, liquid metal fast reactor. 

VHTR, very high temperature reactor GFR, gas-cooled fast reactor GCR, gas-cooled reacts AGR. advanced gas-cooled reactor CANDU, CANada deuterium uranium SFR, sodium-cooled fast reactcn. ... 

Although LEO had been dropped from the programme, work on various forms of water reactor did not stop. A variety of studies were continued into various other esoteric forms of water-cooled reactor, for example, the steam cooled heavy water reactor (SCHWR) or the steam generating heavy water reactor (SGHWR). Meanwhile, the Canadians continued to build on their wartime work on heavy water, and had produced a design for a reactor using natural uranium and heavy water. This design was known as the CANDU (Canada deuterium uranium) reactor. 

The initial surface composition of boiler tubing, prior to its installation will have an important impact on the amount and type of activated corrosion products in an aqueous reactor coolant. Consequently, the type of thermal pre-treatment the tubing undergoes, for example, for mechanical stress release,will affect the surface oxide film, and ultimately, the corrosion behavior. This particular work has been directed toward characterization of surface oxide films which form on Inconel 600 (nominal composition 77% Ni, 16% Cr, 7% Fe, — a tradename of Inco Metals Ltd., Toronto Canada) and Incoloy 800 (nominal composition 31% Ni, 19% Cr, 48% Fe 2% other, — a tradename of Inco Metals Ltd., Toronto, Canada) heated to temperatures of 500-600°C for periods of up to 1 minute in flowing argon. These are conditions equivalent to those experi enced by CANDU(CANadian Deuterium Uranium)ractor boiler hairpins during in situ stress relief. 

CANDU CANada Deuterium f/ranium. It is a Canadian-designed power reactor of PHWR type (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor) that uses heavy water (deuterium oxide) for moderator and coolant, and natural uranium for fuel. 

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