CAMAC

Scattering on the Triple-Axis-Diffractometer [1,2] at the HASYLAB high-energy beamline BW5 is performed in the horizontal plane using an Eulerian cradle as sample stage and a germanium solid-state detector. The beam is monochromatized by a singlecrystal monochromator (e.g. Si 111, FWHM 5.8 ), focused by various slit systems (Huber, Riso) and iron collimators and monitorized by a scintillation counter. The instrument is controlled by a p-VAX computer via CAMAC. 

Taylor, M. Camac 8c R.M. Feinberg, "Measurements of Vibration-Vibration Coupling in Gas Mixtures , Ibid (1967), pp 49-65... 

A somewhat more detailed schematic of the experimental arrangement is depicted in Fig. 16. The experiment is controlled by a minicomputer (MINICAL 621) via a CAMAC interface. Besides accepting the detector... 

Control of the separator will be by a microprocessor based serial CAMAC system using standard CERN interfaces, and work is progressing rapidly in this domain. A control room, close to the SC control room, is being prepared, much of the CAMAC hardware is available already, and a start has been made on the software. 

Jenner, E. (1959) An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variola vaccinae, a disease discovered in some of the western countries of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the name of cow-pox., in Classics of medicine and surgery (Camac, L. N. B., ed.). Dover, New York, pp. 213-240. 

The operational procedures of the chamber have recently been upgraded from manual to automatic with the installation of a dedicated computer system (Kinetic Systems Inc., CAMAC with DEC LSI 11/23 microprocessor). This allows precise and reproducible control which was impossible under manual operation. Computer assisted operation was achieved through the development of an algorithm which controls the chamber wall temperature and cooling rate while maintaining a specified differential between air and wall temperature (AT = 0.0 0.2°C). The differential is maintained by adiabatic cooling of the air caused by variation of the rate of evacuation. 

In addition, they analyzed the measurements of Taylor, Camac, and Feinberg [217] for CO-NO mixtures. The results are presented in Figure 3.28, taken from their paper. Also shown are the data of Hooker and Millikan [187] for V-T relaxation in CO, along with room-temperature results of Bauer and Roesler [111] and of Basco et al. [180], The dashed lines were calculated by SSH theory [30] [see equation (59)]. The V-T probability for CO-CO collisions is shown by a solid line for comparison. The resulting V-V probabilities are found to be in general agreement with the SSH theory, except for the CO-H2 case. For this pair, rotational energy also contributes to the transfer process, as discussed in Part 4 below. 

A piston driven stretching device has been developed by Koch et al. Stretching occurred in a fraction of a second. The sample can be heated by a stream of hot air. For stretching velocities up to 0.75 mm s , a stretching device has been developed by Holland Moritz and Stach which can also be used for real time fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) experiments. Both the force and elongation are transferred to a PDF 11/24 computer by a CAMAC based voltage/frequency converter (Fig. 31). 

For this reason the data acquisition systems at EMBL are based on CAMAC. Fig. (22) shows schematically the data acquisition configuration as it is used in our laboratory The high degree of modularity enables a continuous expansion of the system as required by the experiments, minimizing the development of new hardware and software. 

Maybe the most important advantage of the CAMAC standard is the fact that a large number of modules with different functions are commercially available as a spin-off of high energy physics developments. As a result a substantial amount of designing and building time can be saved because only some adaptions in the standardized CAMAC software have to be made. 

CAMAC Instrumentation and Interface Standards, IEEE Publication, Wiley Interscience (1976)... 

A real-time spectral data monitor was placed in operation. The monitor consists of an independent microprocessor-based system that acquires real-time spectral data and additional housekeeping information flowing through the CAMAC/HP computer-interface lines. The complete laser-induced fluorescence spectrum produced by each laser shot is displayed in real time. The system also provides a two-channel output to an analog chart recorder that produces two profile traces (usually the laser-induced phycoerythrin and chlorophyll a spectral response peaks). 

CAMAC systems are worth considering as the basic interface connecting the computer with the experiment. (See V.C.2. and V.C.3.) There are several ADC s and digitizers available as CAMAC modules which are as good as the non-CAMAC units which makes the whole thing very attractive because of the ease of adding units and of the additions being of modest cost. 

There are minicomputers on the market which were developed for pulse/FT NMR use and contain a complete interface and have a library of programs appropriate for NMR data manipulation. An alternative is to purchase a CAMAC crate as an interface to a standard minicomputer and then... 

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