Callilepsis Laureola

There have been repeated reports of intoxication by still largely unknown phytotoxins liver cell necrosis and cholestasis following the consumption of herbal medicine made from mulberry tree bark (S. Tozuka et al., 1983), liver cell necrosis (even fatal) following the intake of a root extract from the distaff thistle (G. Lemaigre et al., 1975), poisoning by a decoction from Callilepsis laureola (J. Wainwright et al., 1977) and due to mint oil (J.B. Sullivan et al., 1979). 

Seedat YK, Hitchcock PJ. Acute renal failure from Callilepsis laureola. S Afr Med J 1971 45(30) 832-3. 

Bhoola KDN. A clinicopathological and biochemical study of the toxicity of Callilepsis laureola (impila). MD thesis. University of Natal 1983. 

Hepatitic necrosis has been seen following the use of the North African thistle Atractylis gummifera and the Zulu medicinal plant, impila, Callilepsis laureola. The glucosides of A. gummifera such as atractylate can elicit severe... 

P. notoginseng, P. zingerberensis Panax quinquefolius Eleuthrococcus senticosus Amorhophallus konjac Hydrastis canadensis Coptis chinensis Citrus paradisi Cyamopsis tetra-gonoloba Paullinia cupana Commiphora mukul Crategus monobyna Podophyllum emodi Datura metel Aesculus hippocastanum Ormosia coccinea Callilepsis laureola Juniperus spp. 

The 2,5-endoperoxide 624 has been isolated from Callilepsis laureola (Compositae), and was synthesized from a-phellandrene (512), when both stereoisomers of 624 were formed. 

Seedat, in 1978 [14], concluded that the commonest medical causes of acute renal failure in Natal were toxins. The toxins were mainly herbal in nature and the composition of the majority was unknown. However the best studied toxin from this area is the ox-eye daisy or impila (Callilepsis Laureola) [15]. 

Latti AK, Rihinen KR, and Kainulainen PS (2008) Analysis of anthocyanin variation in wild populations of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) in Finland. . Agric. Food Chem. 56 190-196 Laurens JB, Bekker LC, Steenkamp V, and Stewart MJ (2001) Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric confirmation of atractyloside in a patient poisoned with Callilepsis laureola. . Chromatogr. B, 765 127-133... 

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