Calf bindings

Franz-band, m. calf binding calf-bound book, -branntwein, m. brandy, cognac, -gold, ru French leaf gold (pale, due to silver alloy), Franzose, m. Frenchman monkey wrench, Franzosen-hsrz, n. guaiacum. -holz, n. guai-acum, lignum vitae. 

Zodl.) Hemiptera. halbflussig, a. semiliquid, semifluid. Halbfranzband, m. half-calf binding volume bound in half calf. 

Calf bindings which have started to powder should not be washed because the worse affected areas, almost invariably the spine and covers near the edges of the boards, are likely to become severely darkened and even take on a charred appearance. Lettering labels are usually of goatskin and can be washed with safety. Most goat bindings of all periods are safe, but some produced in the second half of the 19th century and the early years of this one suffer from red rot and can be seriously affected by aqueous treatment. 

Fig. 4. FSH receptor-binding potencies of equine FSH ( ), eCG purified from pregnant mate s semm (O), and endometrial cups (A). Receptor-binding in ceU membrane fractions, B/Bq from (a) horse, (b) calf, and (c) rodent testes (40). Courtesy of Butterworth-Heinemaim.

The incorporation of acyclovir triphosphate into calf thymus DNA primer template has been shown to be much more rapid and extensive with HSV-1 DNA polymerase than with vero cell DNA polymerase a. This incorporation of acyclovir ceased after 15 min since the template is chain terminated by the acyclovir incorporation, as there is no 3 -hydroxyl group on which to continue elongation. The viral DNA polymerase is also inactivated by tight binding to the terminated template. 

FIGURE 16.8 (a) Phosphoglycolohydroxamate is an analog of the enediolate transition state of the yeast aldolase reaction, (b) Purine riboside, a potent inhibitor of the calf intestinal adenosine deaminase reaction, binds to adenosine deaminase as the 1,6-hydrate. The hydrated form of purine riboside is an analog of the proposed transition state for the reaction. 

Ganz-fabrikat, n. finished article, -form, /. pig mold, pig bed. -heit, /. entirety, totality, whole. -hoUander, rn. (Paper) beater, beating en ne. -holz, n. unhewn timber, round timber, -lederband, m. (full) leather binding, (full) calf. 

To ensure that the inhibition of EGF binding by palytoxin was not a consequence of cell toxicity, the effect of palytoxin on DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells was monitored. When cells were incubated in the presence of palytoxin, 10% fetal calf serum, and H-thymidine for 19.5 hr, no depression in the extent of H-thymidine incorporation into DNA was detected up to 3.7 pM palytoxin (Table I). Although 11 pM palytoxin was toxic when present for a prolonged period, under the conditions of the assays described above no toxicity was detected (Table I). When cells were incubated in the presence of palytoxin, 0.1% fetal calf serum, and H-thymidine, palytoxin did not stimulate significant incorporation of H-thymidine into DNA. Thus, although it can modulate the EGF receptor system under these conditions, palytoxin alone does not appear to be mitogenic for Swiss 3T3 cells. 

The tveak and reversible binding of these complexes to calf-thymus DNA (ct DNA) suggests a dominant electrostatic mode of interaction nevertheless, relevant conformational distortions of the double helix are caused [50]. A multinuclear NMR study of the reactivity of [Au(en)Cl2]Cl and [Au(en)2]Cl3 vith guanosine 5 -monopho-sphate (5 -GMP) reveals that in an aqueous solution only [Au(en)Cl2]Cl binds very weakly to 5 -GMP via N(7) to give a 1 1 adduct [48]. 

Identification of proteins that bind to Z-DNA added one further step to the establishment of the presence of Z-DNA in vivo and its possible biological role. Herbert and Rich [22] demonstrated an in vitro assay system where one type of double-stranded RNA adenosine deaminase, called DRAD-binding Z-DNA. There are evidences that topoisomerase II from Drosophila, hiunan and calf thymus recognizes a number of DNA shapes, including Z-DNA [34,35]. Bloomfield and coworkers [36] have found that the condensation of plasmids is enhanced by Z-DNA conformation in d(CG)n repeats. The information related to B-Z transition [31], the effect of ligands on it [28,29] and X-ray crystal structure data [37,38] appear to suggest that the possible biological role of this polymorphic form of DNA will be soon established. 

Table IV. Relative Extents of Binding of Dihydrodiol Epoxides of 5-MeC and Chrysene to Native Calf-Thymus DNA at pH 7.0 and 37 °C...

Incubation mixtures containing calf thymus DNA resulted in senecionine and a related compound being bound to a macromolecular liver fraction (224). The binding of the compounds was dependent on the presence of oxygen, the enzyme system, and an NADPH-generating system, thus demonstrating that metabolites such as those formed from senecionine (Scheme 34) may interact with macromolecules to result in alkaloid-associated toxicities. 

An X-ray crystal structure of 28 bound in the thumb-region of the NS5B polymerase showed little interaction of the acetamide moiety with the protein. Alterations at this position were explored in order to improve the physical properties of the compound. Incorporation of basic amines as part of this side-chain, leading to zwitterionic compounds, reduces plasma binding and has a beneficial effect on cell activity and pharmacokinetic profiles. In the cell-based replicon assay, racemic 29 has an EC50 of 152 nM in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum and 376 nM in the presence of 50% normal human serum [71],... 

The fluorescence of purified histones has been studied by several different groups, 90 95) with the most detailed studies being on calf thymus histone HI. Histone HI, which binds to the outside of core particles, contains one tyrosine and no tryptophan. This protein exhibits a substantial increase in fluorescence intensity in going from a denatured to a folded state.<90) Collisional quenching studies indicate that the tyrosine of the folded HI is in a buried environ-ment.(91) Libertini and Small(94) have identified three emissions from this residue when in the unfolded state with peaks near 300, 340, and 400 nm. The 340-nm peak was ascribed to tyrosinate (vide infra), and several possibilities were considered for the 400-nm component, including room temperature phosphorescence, emission of a charge transfer complex, or dityrosine. Dityrosine has the appropriate spectral characteristics, but would require... 

FPA studies at extremely low binding ratios (1/400-1/700 bp) to assess the DNA motion were carried out on ethidium intercalated in calf thymus121 60) and chicken ied-cell(61) chromatin. Under the conditions of these experiments, ethidium is believed to be intercalated only in the linker DNA, and excitation transfer is believed to be negligible. The amplitude of angular motion, or depolarization, at any given time is much lower than in... 

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