Calcium channel regulators

Many types of kinases have been shown to regulate calcium channel activity, and this topic in itself would be sufficient for a free-standing chapter. Here, we will give only a few select examples of the major pathways of this type of presynaptic calcium channel regulation. 

Wolfe JT, Wang H, Howard J, Garrison JC, Barrett PQ. T-type calcium channel regulation by specific G-protein betagamma subunits. Nature 2003 424(6945) 209-13. 

Yoshida, M., Ishikawa, M., Izumi, H., De Santis, R. and Morisawa, M. (2003). Store-operated calcium channel regulates the chemotactic behavior of ascidian sperm. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100, 149-154. 

Additional cellular events linked to the activity of blood pressure regulating substances involve membrane sodium transport mechanisms Na+/K.+ ATPase Na+fLi countertransport Na+ -H exchange Na+-Ca2+ exchange Na+-K+ 2C1 transport passive Na+ transport potassium channels cell volume and intracellular pH changes and calcium channels. 

Sorcin (soluble resistance-related calcium binding protein) was isolated from multidrug-resistant cells and is expressed in a few mammalian tissues such as skeletal muscle, heart, and brain. In the heart, sorcin interacts with the ryanodine receptor and L-type Ca2+-channels regulating excitation in contraction coupling. 

Protein kinase A (PKA) is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, a member of a family of protein kinases that are activated by binding of cAMP to their two regulatory subunits, which results in the release of two active catalytic subunits. Targets of PKA include L-type calcium channels (the relevant subunit and site of phosphorylation is still uncertain), phospholam-ban (the regulator of the sarcoplasmic calcium ATPase, SERCA) and key enzymes of glucose and lipid metabolism. 

Catterall, W. A. Structure and regulation of voltage-gated calcium channels. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 16, 521-555, 2000. 

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