Hypertension calcium channel blockers for

Patients who had been prescribed calcium channel blockers for hypertension who are not receiving //-blockers and who do not have a contraindication should have the calcium channel blocker discontinued and a //-blocker initiated. 

Overdose is common amongst users (up to 22% of heavy users report losing consciousness). The desired euphoria and excitement turns to acute fear, with psychotic symptoms, convulsions, hypertension, haemorrhagic storke, tachycardia, arrhythmias, hyperthermia coronary vasospasm (sufficient to present as the acute coronary syndrome with chest pain and myocardial infarction) may occur, and acute left ventricular dysfunction. Treatment is chosen according to the clinical picture (and the known mode of action), from amongst, e.g. haloperidol (rather than chlorpromazine) for mental disturbance diazepam for convulsions a vasodilator, e.g. a calcium channel blocker, for hypertension glyceryl trinitrate for myocardial ischaemia (but not a p-... 

Verdecchia P et al Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and calcium channel blockers for coronary heart disease and stroke prevention. Hypertension 2005 46 386. [PMID 16009786]... 

ACEIs and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) traditionally have been avoided in kidney transplant recipients because of the potential for hyperkalemia and decreased glomerular filtration rate. ACEIs and ARBs are now considered to be an equivalent alternative to calcium channel blockers for the treatment of hypertension in aU transplant recipients. When ACEIs or ARBs are used in patients after transplantation, serum creatinine and potassium levels should be mon-... 

Calcium-channel blockers for the treatment of hypertension Calcium products Cephalosporins Cerebroactive medications Chlamydial infections treatment of Cholinergic drugs uses in medicine Cholinergic-receptor-blocking agents uses of Cirrhosis treatment of Congestive heart failure treatment of Constipation drug-induced Corticosteroids uses for Crohn s disease treatment of Cytokines their actions... 

Calcium channel blockers normalize the blood pressure in about 80% of hypertensive patients older than 60 years of age, 50% of those between 40 and 60 years of age, and only 20% of patients under 40 years of age. Thus calcium channel blockers are best for patients who are elderly and have low PRA and mosdy ineffective in patients who have high PRA. This responsiveness profile is very similar to that of the diuretics. 

The sales of oral diuretics are declining, and are forecast to continue their decline in constant dollars during the 1990s (119,120). Several possible explanations can be offered for these trends. The patents of market leaders are expiring, lea ding to the introduction of generic brands at ca 40% below the cost of the branded market leaders physicians are switching to newer treatments for hypertension, eg, calcium channel blockers and... 

Procardia XL. Procardia XL extended-release capsules, marketed by Pfizer Labs Division of Pfizer, Inc., contain nifedipine [21829-25-4] a calcium channel blocker of mol wt 346.3. The extended release tablet is formulated as a once-a-day controlled release capsule for oral adrninistration dehvering either 30, 60, or 90 mg nifedipine. Procardia XL is indicated for use in the management of vasospastic angina, chronic stable angina, and hypertension (see Cardiovascularagents). 

The so-called calcium channel blockers constitute a class of cardiovascular agents that have gained prominence in the past few years. These drugs, which obtund contraction of arterial vessels by preventing the movement of calcium ions needed for those contractions, have proved especially useful in the treatment of angina and hypertension. Dihydropyridines such as nifedipine (30) are par-... 

In the treatment of hypertension, ACE inhibitors are as effective as diuretics, (3-adrenoceptor antagonists, or calcium channel blockers in lowering blood pressure. However, increased survival rates have only been demonstrated for diuretics and (3-adrenoceptor antagonists. ACE inhibitors are approved for monotherapy as well as for combinational regimes. ACE inhibitors are the dtugs of choice for the treatment of hypertension with renal diseases, particularly diabetic nephropathy, because they prevent the progression of renal failure and improve proteinuria more efficiently than the other diugs. 

Patients with asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction and hypertension should be treated with P-blockers and ACE inhibitors. Those with heart failure secondary to left ventricular dysfunction and hypertension should be treated with drugs proven to also reduce the morbidity and mortality of heart failure, including P-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, aldosterone antagonists, and diuretics for symptom control as well as antihypertensive effect. In African-Americans with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, combination therapy with nitrates and hydralazine not only affords a morbidity and mortality benefit, but may also be useful as antihypertensive therapy if needed.66 The dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers amlodipine or felodipine may also be used in patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction for uncontrolled blood pressure, although they have no effect on heart failure morbidity and mortality in these patients.49 For patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction, antihypertensive therapies that should be considered include P-blockers, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, calcium channel blockers (including nondihydropyridine agents), diuretics, and others as needed to control blood pressure.2,49... 

Hypertension Calcium channel blockers ACE inhibitors ARBs Diltiazem, verapamil inhibit CSA/TAC metabolism Dihydropyridines may potentiate CSA-gingival hyperplasia May exacerbate hyperkalemia monitor K+, SCr to assess for renal allograft vascular disease may be useful in posttranplant erythrocytosis (hematocrit greater than 55%)... 

Baroletti SA, Gabardi S, Magee CC, Milford EL. Calcium channel blockers as the treatment of choice for hypertension in renal transplant recipients Fact or fiction. Pharmacotherapy 2003 23(6) 788-801. 

The cure for preeclampsia is delivery of the fetus if the pregnancy is at term. Drug therapy for hypertension in preeclampsia includes methyldopa, labetalol, and calcium channel blockers. Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent eclampsia and to treat eclamptic seizures. 

Calcium-channel blockers such as amlodipine can be used in patients receiving angiotensin-receptor blockers such as valsartan for the treatment of hypertension and angina. Side-effects common to both drugs include dizziness and hypotension. 

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